Disease relevance of Diverticulum

• Targeted projections, made up of a limited number of coronal source images, showed diverticula and smaller polyps more clearly [1].
• In 11 patients abnormalities were diagnosed on the basis of iohexol esophagograms; the abnormalities included extraluminal extravasation of contrast material (n = 7), aspiration (n = 1), esophageal stricture with intramural diverticulosis (n = 1), edema of the gastroesophageal junction (n = 1), and epiphrenic diverticulum (n = 1) [2].
• Serum samples from 84 benign colorectal disease cases were examined; of these, 0 of 28 (0%) colorectal adenoma, 1 of 39 (3%) ulcerative proctocolitis, 0 of 15 (0%) diverticulosis, and 0 of 2 (0%) irritable bowel disease sera contained more than 10 mu/ml CA 72 [3].
• In conclusion patients with spinal meningeal diverticula (frequently seen in Marfan's syndrome) might be at increased risk of developing CSF leaks, possibly secondary to Valsalva maneuver or minor unrecognized trauma [4].
• This article describes the clinical and morphologic features of this unusual case, reviews the topic of neoplasms involving hernia sacs and Meckel's diverticula, and includes a brief review of immunocytochemical findings in carcinoid tumors [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diverticulum

• Urinary dribbling accompanied with dyspareunia and dysuria constitutes a classic triad for urethral diverticula [6].

High impact information on Diverticulum

• Mice with a targeted deletion of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) have foregut defects that are apparent as early as embryonic day 9.5, when the tracheal diverticulum begins to outgrow [7].
• In both mouse and rat the first histological sign of morphogenesis of the dorsal pancreas is a dorsal evagination of the duodenum at the level of the liver at around the 22-25-somite stage, and shortly thereafter a ventral evagination appears as a derivative of the liver diverticulum [8].
• Spinal meningeal diverticula in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [9].
• To investigate the role of intestinal bacterial overgrowth on the production and metabolism of ethanol, rats with a jejunal self-filling diverticulum (blind-loop) were compared to controls with a self-emptying diverticulum [10].
• 5. HNF-4 mRNA was first detected in embryonic tissues at day 8.5, in the liver diverticulum and the hindgut [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diverticulum

• There were no significant differences in the ratios of acetate, propionate, or butyrate between the diverticulosis or inflammatory bowel groups and the normal group [12].
• Rectosigmoid radiographs were evaluated for luminal distention, visualization of the interhaustral space, definition of diverticula, and interpretation of polypoid defects [13].
• In 4, intramural diverticula containing inspissated bile, small stones, or cholesterol crystals were seen [14].
• Pitfalls in technetium-99m HIDA biliary imaging: duodenal diverticulum simulating the gallbladder [15].
• Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 82 CRC and 6 cases of benign colon with diverticulosis were immunohistochemically stained for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TRT) using the immunoperoxidase method [16].

Biological context of Diverticulum

• This line, HBC-3, stains positively for alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, and cytokeratin 14 (CK-14), protein markers expressed by the embryonic liver diverticulum, indicating that HBC-3 cells retain an undifferentiated hepatoblast phenotype [17].
• Reporter gene expression analyses also revealed several previously unknown sites of Nkx3.1 expression in males, including urethral glands, glandular cells in the urethral diverticulum and basal epithelial cells in the prostate [18].
• STUDY DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1976 and 1993, 109 patients with a hypopharyngeal diverticulum were operated on at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, either transcutaneously combined with a cricopharyngeal myotomy (n = 76), or microendoscopically (n = 37) using the CO2 laser [19].
• Digestive cells ensure intracellular digestion of nutrients absorbed by pinocytosis and store glycogen, lipids and mineral salts; the wastes of the digestive process (guanine, uric acid, mineral elements, pigments) are concentrated in "brown body vacuoles" which are ejected into the lumen of the diverticula [20].
• A disappearance of apoptotic cells was associated with strong Bcl-2 expression in the foregut diverticulum at 10.5 and 11.5 days of gestation [21].

Anatomical context of Diverticulum

• Distal fallopian tube occlusion: false diagnosis with hysterosalpingography in cases of tubal diverticula [22].
• Thus, the syndrome of posterior urethral valves, unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and renal dysplasia; large congenital bladder diverticula and urinary extravasation can serve as a "pop-off" mechanism to buffer high pressures in the urinary tract and to lead to the preservation of better renal function in boys with posterior urethral valves [23].
• These results demonstrate that T/ebp/Nkx2.1 plays a role in the survival of UBB cells, their dissemination into the thyroid diverticulum, and the formation of UBB-derived vesicular structure [24].
• This mucin profile of HGM was unlike that of either normal gastric mucosa or heterotopic gastric mucosa in Meckel's diverticula [25].
• Congenital diverticulum of the right ventricle with ventricular septal defect [26].

Gene context of Diverticulum

• In situ hybridization studies of staged specific embryos demonstrate that HNF-6 and its potential target gene, HNF-3 beta, are coexpressed in the pancreatic and hepatic diverticulum [27].
• T/ebp/Nkx2.1 haploinsufficiency causes abnormal fusion of the UBB with the thyroid diverticulum, which stays as a cluster of C-cells around the vesicular structure, similar to the one observed in mice null for T/ebp/Nkx2.1 expression [24].
• In particular, in the region of the foregut that gives rise to the liver, Hex expression is nuclear in the endodermal cells of the hepatic diverticulum, whereas expression is primarily cytoplasmic in cells lateral to the liver-forming region [28].
• In humans, AFP is expressed in the hepatic diverticulum at 26 d postovulation as it differentiates from the foregut endoderm (i.e. in the most primitive hepatocytes) [29].
• Right atrial diverticulum and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diverticulum

• Techniques for intraoperative localization of the stone bearing diverticulum included retrograde injection of indigo carmine, fluoroscopy and/or laparoscopic ultrasound [31].
• These might include stone, caliceal diverticula, a hydronephrotic kidney, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder neck obstruction with residual urine, urethral diverticula, and infection of the prostate, as well as other disease states such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, or drug immunosuppression [32].
• Frequencies of diverticula in subjects with bile duct stones were compared with those in age-matched controls who had undergone upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy using a side-viewing endoscope (n = 100) or who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for pancreatic cancer (n = 100) [33].
• Five horses with unilateral epidermal inclusion cysts located in the nasal diverticula were sedated and treated with intralesional injection of neutral-buffered 10% formalin (volume range, 2 to 4.5 mL) [34].
• Laparoscopic transperitoneal diverticulectomy was performed using a triple catheter arrangement: endoscopic placement of a Councill catheter in the diverticulum, fluoroscopic positioning of an occlusion balloon catheter in the renal pelvis, and placement of a Cope loop suprapubic tube [35].

References