Disease relevance of Fistula

• Homozygous Shh-null mutant mice show oesophageal atresia/stenosis, tracheo-oesophageal fistula and tracheal and lung anomalies, features similar to those observed in humans with foregut defects [1].
• The administration of Sn-protoporphyrin (10-50 mumol/kg body weight) was followed by prompt (within approximately 1 h) and sustained (up to at least 18 h) decreases in bilirubin output, to levels 25-30 percent below the levels of bilirubin output in control bile fistula animals [2].
• We have examined the temporal relationship between the expression of mRNA transcripts for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and their receptors in the heart during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the aortovenocaval fistula rat [3].
• The incorporation of [3H]7 alpha- hydroxycholesterol into bile acids in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient was efficient (75%) and equal to bile fistula patients with no cirrhosis (76%); chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was favored over cholic acid particularly in the cirrhotic patient [4].
• Hydrogen peroxide enhanced ultrasound- fistulography in the assessment of enterocutaneous fistulas complicating Crohn's disease [5].

High impact information on Fistula

• The drug was more effective than placebo in closing fistulas (31 vs 6%) and in permitting discontinuation or reduction of steroid dosage (75 vs. 36%) (P less than 0.001) [6].
• High- and low-density lipoproteins carrying free cholesterol labeled with 3H or 14C were administered to a patient with a bile fistula [7].
• Alveolar proteinosis. Lavage in the presence of bronchopleural fistula [8].
• PACAP effects on acid secretion were determined in fistula rats with or without neutralizing anti-somatostatin antibodies [9].
• In this study, we have developed an in vivo bile and lymph fistula rat model to test the hypothesis that biliary GSH is an important luminal source of GSH [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fistula

• No changes in basal acid secretion or responsiveness of parietal cells to submaximal doses of pentagastrin occurred in the fistula or pouch during chronic sham feeding [11].
• Deconjugation of bilirubin glucuronides was evaluated directly by infusion of bilirubin monoglucuronides, containing 14C in the glucuronosyl group, into rats with an external bile fistula [12].
• In the chronic bile fistula rat, colestipol increased bile salt synthesis by 100% while diosgenin and fructose diets had no effect [13].
• In group 2 mean fistula output was reduced from 698 ml per 24 h pretreatment to 246 mg per 24 h after 2 days on octreotide; output increased from 228 ml per 24 h to 497 ml per 24 h when treatment with octreotide was interrupted by placebo [14].
• Treatment of fistula by parenteral nutrition [15].

Biological context of Fistula

• Cholesterol kinetics in subjects with bile fistula. Positive relationship between size of the bile acid precursor pool and bile acid synthetic rate [16].
• Gastric emptying of either solids or liquids was tracked by gamma camera while gastric output was diverted out the duodenal fistula and the small bowel perfused with test solutions of glucose (0.06-2.0 mol/L), 0.15 mol/L NaCl, or 8.5% soluble starch [17].
• The maximal rate of change in left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) was unaffected by diltiazem before the aortocaval fistula (decrease in dP/dtmax by 6%; p = NS) but was significantly reduced by calcium-channel blockade after CVO (decrease in dP/dtmax by 22%; p less than .001) [18].
• In contrast to inhibition, up-regulation of hepatic HMG-CoA synthase activities by cholestyramine, bile fistula, and lovastatin was much less than HMG-CoA reductase activities [19].
• Mutant mice lacking Gli2 or Gli3, two zinc finger transcription factors involved in Shh signaling, respectively, exhibit imperforate anus with recto-urethral fistula and anal stenosis [20].

Anatomical context of Fistula

• In dogs with gastric fistulas and vagally denervated Heidenhain pouches, omeprazole, a benzimidazole derivative infused intravenously or given intraduodenally, dose-dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion, which had been induced by histamine, pentagastrin, or urecholine [21].
• The effects of dexamethasone and budesonide on biliary bicarbonate excretion and H+/HCO3- transport processes were investigated in bile fistula rats, isolated intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDUs), and purified cholangiocytes [22].
• There were three fistulas from the left circumflex coronary artery to the coronary sinus, three from the left anterior descending coronary artery to the right ventricular apex, two from the right coronary artery to the superior vena cava/right atrial junction and one fistula from the left circumflex artery to the pulmonary artery [23].
• At the time SMS 201-995 was started, 11 patients had low output fistulas (less than 1000 ml/48 hours), 11 patients had high output fistulas (above 1000 ml/48 hours), and 5 patients had fistulas sitting in large abdominal wall defects [24].
• A girl is described with bilateral retinal colobomata, Fallot's tetralogy, unilateral choanal atresia, abnormalities of the external ears, bilateral sensorineural deafness, a unilateral facial nerve palsy, and a tracheo-oesophageal fistula [25].

Gene context of Fistula

• Certain nonmalignant diseases of the gut respond to somatostatin, including secretory diarrhea and fistulas of unknown cause [26].
• CONCLUSION: MMP-3 and MMP-9 are markedly upregulated in intestinal fistulae and may contribute to fistula formation through degradation of the extracellular matrix, irrespective of the underlying disease process [27].
• There was no significant difference in [125I]-ET-1 binding between atrial samples from 35 d control and 35 d AV fistula rats, suggesting rapid turnover of endothelin receptors balanced by increased transcription from the ETAR gene [28].
• METHODS: Male homozygous ANP deficient (Nppa(-/-)) and wildtype (Nppa(+/+)) male mice maintained on either a normal salt (0.55% NaCl) or low salt (0.05% NaCl) diet from weaning were studied after 2 weeks of volume overload from an aorto-caval fistula (ACF) [29].
• As fistulising CD has been proposed as a separate subgroup of patients with CD, we studied the carrier frequencies (CF) of the DRB1 alleles in 35 unrelated Caucasian Dutch CD patients with proven peri-anal fistulas [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fistula

• The second patient developed an infection of the hemodialysis fistula 3 weeks after completing a course of erythromycin therapy for Legionnaires' pneumonia [31].
• Need for reoperation was increased with the presence of a subarterial VSD (P = .08) but not with location of fistula or type of repair (direct suture versus patch) [32].
• The prevention of the hepatotoxic effects produced by intravenous infusion of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) by coinfusion with taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) was evaluated in bile fistula rats; the hepatoprotective effects of the latter were also compared with those of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) [33].
• Gastro-cutaneous fistula following splenectomy, a rare but serious occurrence, may result in death or prolonged disability [34].
• The presence of local sepsis, systemic sepsis, remote sepsis (such as pneumonia or line sepsis), the number of fistulas, fistula output, and the number of blood transfusions were not predictive of spontaneous closure, whereas serum transferrin was predictive of spontaneous closure [35].

References