Disease relevance of Myod1

• Myogenic differentiation can be inhibited by the adenovirus E1a protein in the rat L6 muscle cell line [1].
• Two clonal rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines BA-Han-1B and BA-Han-1C with different capacities for myogenic differentiation have been examined for the expression of muscle regulatory basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins of the MyoD family [2].
• Rat model of the human "Triton" tumor: direct genetic evidence for the myogenic differentiation capacity of schwannoma cells using the mutant neu gene as a cell lineage marker [3].

High impact information on Myod1

• A detailed analysis of gene expression was performed in L6E9 myoblast cultures treated with IGF-I to dissect the early events leading to the stimulation of myogenic differentiation by this growth factor [4].
• Retinoic acid induces myogenin synthesis and myogenic differentiation in the rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell line BA-Han-1C [2].
• Transcripts of the PDGF A-chain were identified at all examined stages of in vitro and in vivo myogenic differentiation [5].
• Generation of a stable, posttranslationally modified microtubule array is an early event in myogenic differentiation [6].
• These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 may act as a physiological inducer of myogenic differentiation in mitogen-rich environments, and its otherwise reversible growth inhibitory effect may become permanent if coupled to induction of terminal differentiation [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Myod1

• Spontaneous myogenic differentiation was observed in 2 out of 15 cases when cells from schwannomas induced in the offspring of BDIX rats by transplacental exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU) were grown in monolayer culture following fluorescence-activated cell sorting with monoclonal antibody (Mab) 217c [3].

Biological context of Myod1

• Myoblast differentiation is dependent on the expression of certain myogenic differentiation genes and is affected by cell interaction with the extracellular matrix [8].
• Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates terminal myogenic differentiation by induction of myogenin gene expression [9].
• These studies, however, did not address concurrent Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation, the latter of which is also known to regulate myogenic differentiation [10].
• Expression of one of the serum-inducible, immediate early genes, the protooncogene c-jun, is maintained under low-serum conditions during myogenic differentiation of L6 myoblasts [11].
• It was shown that treatments with the highly specific PKC inhibitor GF109203X or with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) which induced a partial PKC downregulation, did not significantly alter myogenic differentiation [12].

Anatomical context of Myod1

• S100B inhibits myogenic differentiation and myotube formation in a RAGE-independent manner [13].
• Myogenin is a member of the recently discovered family of muscle determination genes that have been shown to induce myogenic differentiation in nonmuscle cells and to be closely correlated with terminal differentiation in myoblasts [14].
• These results show that damaged rat skeletal muscle is endowed with the capacity to induce myogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors [15].
• Signals from damaged but not undamaged skeletal muscle induce myogenic differentiation of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [15].
• Here, we report that neuregulins are regulators of myogenic differentiation and stimulate mitogenesis in L6 skeletal myoblasts [16].

Associations of Myod1 with chemical compounds

• Overexpresssion of MyoD in 10T1/2 cells was not sufficient to bypass the myogenic differentiation blockade by LY294002 [17].
• Nitrotyrosine treatment prevented synthesis or activation of markers of myogenic differentiation, including muscle-specific myosin, alpha-actin, integrin alpha(7), and myogenin [18].
• Here, we examined the effects of lithium, a known inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and activator of Wnt pathway in myogenic differentiation [19].
• Chronic exposure of L6E9 cells to HRG potentiated myogenic differentiation, and under these conditions, glucose transport was also stimulated [20].
• Binding of serotonin to its receptor increases the expression of genes involved in myogenic differentiation [21].

Regulatory relationships of Myod1

• BDNF is expressed in skeletal muscle satellite cells and inhibits myogenic differentiation [22].
• Inhibition of type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) activity in L6-C5 and L6-E9 abolished myogenic differentiation induced by low-serum medium and IGF-I [23].
• Neuregulin stimulates myogenic differentiation in an autocrine manner [24].
• (3) An antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide complementary to the first five codons of IGF-II inhibits myogenic differentiation in the absence but not in the presence of exogenous IGF-II [25].
• In all cases, when terminal myogenic differentiation is inhibited the basal levels of desmin and alpha 7 expression are not altered [26].

Other interactions of Myod1

• Several laboratories have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway is essential for myogenic differentiation and have suggested that this pathway mediates IGF-I stimulation of myogenin mRNA expression, an early critical step in the differentiation process [10].
• Collectively, these findings show that BDNF plays an important regulatory function during myogenic differentiation [22].
• Phospholipase D is involved in myogenic differentiation through remodeling of actin cytoskeleton [27].
• Up-regulation of nuclear PLCbeta1 in myogenic differentiation [28].
• These results indicate that irreversible repression of c-myc is not required for terminal myogenic differentiation and that its expression is insufficient by itself to suppress the differentiated phenotype [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Myod1

• These results suggest that a genetic program which includes protooncogenes and myogenic differentiation factors is activated in skeletal muscle after denervation [30].
• The stage of myogenic differentiation was evaluated morphologically and by immunohistochemistry [31].

References