Disease relevance of X1311

• Either the 11-amino acid span of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G glycoprotein (P5D4 epitope) or a 6-amino acid epitope of the bovine papilloma virus capsid protein (AU1) was genetically engineered on the extreme N terminus of CCD-IRK3 [1].
• The gene responsible for the lethal disorder cystic fibrosis encodes a 1480-amino acid glycoprotein, CFTR [2].
• Mutations of the glycoprotein rBAT cause cystinuria type I, an autosomal recessive failure of dibasic amino acid transport (b(0,+) type) across luminal membranes of intestine and kidney cells [3].
• An epitope from the coronavirus E1 glycoprotein was inserted into CHIP and localized to the outer or inner leaflet of the membrane by alpha-chymotrypsin digestion of intact oocytes or inside-out membrane vesicles [4].
• 14-3-3 binds ligands such as Raf-1 kinase and Bad by recognizing the phosphorylated consensus motif, RSXpSXP, but must bind unphosphorylated ligands, such as glycoprotein Ib and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S, via a different motif [5].

High impact information on X1311

• This in vivo pathway is rich in fibronectin, a glycoprotein that promotes cell adhesion and migration in vitro [6].
• This glycoprotein is found in activated lymphocytes, together with an uncharacterized, disulphide-linked lipophilic light chain with an apparent relative molecular mass of 40,000 (M(r) 40K) [7].
• The homologous protein from Schistosoma mansoni, SPRM1, also associates covalently with coexpressed h4F2hc glycoprotein, although it induces amino-acid transport of different substrate specificity [7].
• Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA from rabbit renal medulla that encodes a 397-amino-acid membrane glycoprotein, UT2, with the functional characteristics of the vasopressin-sensitive urea transporter previously described in in vitro-perfused inner medullary collecting ducts [8].
• These oocytes specifically bound the gp70 envelope glycoprotein from an ecotropic murine leukaemia virus [9].

Biological context of X1311

• This brain glycoprotein exists in two isoforms, which are identical both in primary amino-acid sequence and in containing phosphatidylinositol glycolipid linkages at their C termini, which can be cleaved by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C9 [10].
• A 2.8-kb cDNA was identified which contained an 807 bp open reading frame encoding a 28.8 kD protein with 94% amino acid identity to CHIP28. in vitro translation of CHIP28k cDNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysate generated a 28-kD protein; addition of ER-derived microsomes gave a 32-kD transmembrane glycoprotein [11].
• The most abundant protein of these, a 63-65-kD glycoprotein, is a candidate for the inhibitory site of action of WGA on nuclear protein transport [12].
• Human fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a member of the serine prolyl oligopeptidase family, is a type II cell surface glycoprotein selectively expressed by fibroblastic cells in areas of active tissue remodeling, such as the embryonic mesenchyme, areas of wound healing, the gravid uterus, and the reactive stroma of epithelial cancers [13].
• Taken together, these results suggested that estrogen primarily stimulated glycoprotein synthesis by stimulating the glycosylation apparatus, and not by increasing synthesis of protein acceptors [14].

Anatomical context of X1311

• Here we report that XTRPC1, a Xenopus homolog of mammalian TRPC1, is required for proper growth cone turning responses of Xenopus spinal neurons to microscopic gradients of netrin-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and myelin-associated glycoprotein, but not to semaphorin 3A [15].
• Noelin-1 is a secreted glycoprotein involved in generation of the neural crest [16].
• The 97-kD O-linked glycoprotein, Nup98, is a component of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex and the only vertebrate GLFG nucleoporin identified (Powers, M.A., C. Macauley, F. Masiarz, and D.J. Forbes. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 128:721-736) [17].
• The human "26-kd protein' is a secreted glycoprotein expressed, for example, in (blood) leukocytes, in epithelial cells treated with various inducers, but most strongly in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-treated fibroblasts [18].
• The Kidd (JK) blood group is carried by an integral membrane glycoprotein which transports urea through the red cell membrane and is also present on endothelial cells of the vasa recta in the kidney [19].

Associations of X1311 with chemical compounds

• Xenopus laevis sperm receptor gp69/64 glycoprotein is a homolog of the mammalian sperm receptor ZP2 [20].
• The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) of Torpedo electroplax is a multisubunit transmembrane glycoprotein complex with a subunit stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta [21].
• Castanospermine (Cas), an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase I, blocks "trimming" of the N-linked oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2, thus preventing normal glycoprotein maturation [22].
• Both approaches indicated that estrogen did not have a preferential stimulatory effect on the general expression of glycoprotein mRNA [14].
• Prostatic binding protein (PBP), a hormonally controlled oligomeric glycoprotein secreted by the rat ventral prostate, is composed of three different polypeptide chains, C1, C2, and C3 [23].

Other interactions of X1311

• Additionally, processing at two pairs of basic residues is suggested to liberate two polypeptides ("spasmolysins") and "spasmolysin-glycoprotein."[24]
• Noelin-1 is a secreted glycoprotein that likely forms large multiunit complexes [25].
• Envelope conversion involves the pars recta protease oviductin, which selectively hydrolyzes envelope glycoprotein gp43 to gp41 [26].
• From a dendrogram of known egg envelope glycoproteins, the new glycoprotein was shown to be unique among egg envelope components and was designated ZPD [27].
• In vitro [3H]fucose incorporation studies combined with in vivo light and electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis, showed that the IRBP-like glycoprotein is synthesized by the neural retina and secreted into the interphotoreceptor matrix [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of X1311

• We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a recently identified sperm receptor (gp69/64) in the Xenopus laevis egg vitelline envelope [20].
• The glycoprotein in the 5 M urea-extracted pellet has been solubilized by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and purified to near-homogeneity by sequential steps of chromatography on hydroxylapatite and Sephacryl S-300 (both run in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate), followed by affinity chromatography on lentil lectin-Sepharose [29].
• In contrast with several of the NMPCL proteins, this glycoprotein remains completely insoluble after treatment with 5 M urea [29].
• Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis suggested that the 69,000 and 64,000 molecular weight components shared the same polypeptide chains but the smaller glycoprotein lacked a carbohydrate side chain found on the larger species [30].
• One of the candidates for Le(x)carrier protein in the tadpole brain is a 200 kDa glycoprotein detected by Western blotting [31].

References