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DCXR  -  dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Carbonyl reductase II, DCR, Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase, HCR2, HCRII, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of DCXR

  • Escherichia coli SOLR cells infected with the pBluescript phagemid excised from the Uni-ZAP XR vector containing the aminopeptidase B cDNA had a high L-arginyl-beta-naphthylamidase activity [1].
  • Cases of human infertility are associated with the absence of P34H an epididymal sperm antigen [2].
  • 3. Thus, the complex phenotype that constitutes Down syndrome may in large part simply result from the overdosage of only one or a few genes within the DCR and/or region D21S55-MX1 [3].
  • RESULTS: Treatment with either TPT or XR at 3 am demonstrated the greatest efficacy (measured by a tumor regrowth assay) without significantly increasing acute toxicity (assessed by a decrease in leukocyte counts or body weight) [4].
  • The average refractive errors were -1.88 D in the AD type, -2.37 D in the AR type, and -5.72 D in the XR type [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on DCXR

 

High impact information on DCXR

  • These differences may reflect delayed, probably permanent functional damage to the central nervous system caused by small doses of x-radiation (XR) to immature normal human brain [9].
  • Both DCXR and its mRNA are highly expressed in kidney and liver of human and rodent tissues, and the protein was localized primarily to the inner membranes of the proximal renal tubules in murine kidneys [10].
  • The results imply that P34H and diacetyl reductase (EC ) are identical to l-xylulose reductase (EC ), which is involved in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism, and the unique localization of the enzyme in kidney suggests that it has a role other than in general carbohydrate metabolism [10].
  • In particular, the human protein is identical to P34H, except for one amino acid substitution [10].
  • These results suggest that DNA-PKcs is required for both coding and signal joint formation during V(D)J recombination and that the XR-C1 mutant cell line may prove to be a useful tool in understanding this pathway [11].
 

Biological context of DCXR

  • Based on its pattern of expression and its function in one of the key steps leading to fertilization, P34H can be considered as a marker of epididymal sperm maturation in humans [12].
  • The predicted amino acid sequence revealed 65% identity with P26h, the hamster counterpart of the P34H [12].
  • Among the SDR enzymes, XR shows the highest sequence identity (67%) with mouse lung carbonyl reductase (MLCR), but the two enzymes show different substrate specificities [13].
  • We isolated, by immunological screening of a Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library constructed from rat liver mRNA species, a cDNA clone with 2633 bp encoding the rat enzyme [14].
  • After acrosomal exocytosis induced by a Ca2+ ionophore, the percentage of P34H-labeled spermatozoa decreased proportionally to the number of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa as determined by Pisum sativum-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling [15].
 

Anatomical context of DCXR

  • Results are discussed with regards to the potential function of DCXR in the epididymis [16].
  • These results demonstrate at the molecular level that mammalian peroxisomes do indeed contain a DCR [17].
  • However, spermatozoa from subjects with a low amount of P34H exhibited a dramatic diminution in their ability to interact with zonae pellucidae [2].
  • Pediatric DCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction [18].
  • This confirms the importance of P34H binding to the sperm plasma membrane during epididymal maturation [15].
 

Associations of DCXR with chemical compounds

  • Whereas no steroid dehydrogenase or retinoid activity was detected, it was found that Hep27 catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of dicarbonyl compounds, like 3,4-hexanedione and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione with similar turnover numbers as DCXR (a mitochondrial dicarbonyl reductase/xylulose reductase) [19].
  • Human L-xylulose reductase was crystallized from buffered polyethylene glycol solutions using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method [20].
  • L-Xylulose reductase (XR), an enzyme in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism, belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily [13].
  • The crystal structure of human XR in complex with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was determined at 1.96 A resolution by using the molecular replacement method and the structure of MLCR as the search model [13].
  • That the AKL protein is indeed an NADPH-dependent DCR was demonstrated by showing DCR activity of the bacterially expressed protein [17].
 

Other interactions of DCXR

  • Optical filters of the laser scanning cytometer were 555 DRLP/BP 530/30 nm for photomultiplier tube (PMT) 1/FITC, 605 DRLP/BP 580/30 nm for PMT 2/PE, 740 DCXR/BP 670/20 nm for PMT 3/Cy5/APC, and BP 810/90 nm for PMT 4/Cy7 [21].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of DCXR

References

  1. Molecular cloning and expression of rat liver aminopeptidase B. Fukasawa, K.M., Fukasawa, K., Kanai, M., Fujii, S., Harada, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  2. Cases of human infertility are associated with the absence of P34H an epididymal sperm antigen. Boué, F., Sullivan, R. Biol. Reprod. (1996) [Pubmed]
  3. Molecular mapping of twenty-four features of Down syndrome on chromosome 21. Delabar, J.M., Theophile, D., Rahmani, Z., Chettouh, Z., Blouin, J.L., Prieur, M., Noel, B., Sinet, P.M. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Chronomodulation of topotecan or X-radiation treatment increases treatment efficacy without enhancing acute toxicity. Mullins, D., Proulx, D., Saoudi, A., Ng, C.E. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Genetic aspects of retinitis pigmentosa in China. Hu, D.N. Am. J. Med. Genet. (1982) [Pubmed]
  6. Alexithymia in somatoform and depressive disorders. Duddu, V., Isaac, M.K., Chaturvedi, S.K. Journal of psychosomatic research. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Amplification and attribution styles in somatoform and depressive disorders--a study from Bangalore, India. Duddu, V., Chaturvedi, S.K., Isaac, M.K. Psychopathology. (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. The predictive value of psychopathological subclassifications for the neuroleptic treatment outcome in schizophrenia. Jarema, M., Kacperczyk, J., Kruszynski, S. Psychopathology. (1991) [Pubmed]
  9. Long-term cerebral effects of small doses of x-irradiation in childhood as manifested in adult visual evoked responses. Yaar, I., Ron, E., Modan, M., Peretz, H., Modan, B. Ann. Neurol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  10. Molecular characterization of mammalian dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase and its localization in kidney. Nakagawa, J., Ishikura, S., Asami, J., Isaji, T., Usami, N., Hara, A., Sakurai, T., Tsuritani, K., Oda, K., Takahashi, M., Yoshimoto, M., Otsuka, N., Kitamura, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. XR-C1, a new CHO cell mutant which is defective in DNA-PKcs, is impaired in both V(D)J coding and signal joint formation. Errami, A., He, D.M., Friedl, A.A., Overkamp, W.J., Morolli, B., Hendrickson, E.A., Eckardt-Schupp, F., Oshimura, M., Lohman, P.H., Jackson, S.P., Zdzienicka, M.Z. Nucleic Acids Res. (1998) [Pubmed]
  12. P34H sperm protein is preferentially expressed by the human corpus epididymidis. Légaré, C., Gaudreault, C., St-Jacques, S., Sullivan, R. Endocrinology (1999) [Pubmed]
  13. Crystal structure of human L-xylulose reductase holoenzyme: probing the role of Asn107 with site-directed mutagenesis. El-Kabbani, O., Ishikura, S., Darmanin, C., Carbone, V., Chung, R.P., Usami, N., Hara, A. Proteins (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. Dipeptidyl peptidase III is a zinc metallo-exopeptidase. Molecular cloning and expression. Fukasawa, K., Fukasawa, K.M., Kanai, M., Fujii, S., Hirose, J., Harada, M. Biochem. J. (1998) [Pubmed]
  15. Surface localization of P34H an epididymal protein, during maturation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Boué, F., Blais, J., Sullivan, R. Biol. Reprod. (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. P26h and dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase are two distinct proteins present in the hamster epididymis. St-Cyr, A., Légaré, C., Frenette, G., Gaudreault, C., Sullivan, R. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (2004) [Pubmed]
  17. Identification of peroxisomal proteins by using M13 phage protein VI phage display: molecular evidence that mammalian peroxisomes contain a 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase. Fransen, M., Van Veldhoven, P.P., Subramani, S. Biochem. J. (1999) [Pubmed]
  18. Pediatric DCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ciftçi, F., Karadayi, K. Ophthalmology (2002) [Pubmed]
  19. Hep27, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, is an NADPH-dependent dicarbonyl reductase expressed in vascular endothelial tissue. Shafqat, N., Shafqat, J., Eissner, G., Marschall, H.U., Tryggvason, K., Eriksson, U., Gabrielli, F., Lardy, H., Jörnvall, H., Oppermann, U. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (2006) [Pubmed]
  20. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human L-xylulose reductase. El-Kabbani, O., Chung, R.P., Ishikura, S., Usami, N., Nakagawa, J., Hara, A. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. (2002) [Pubmed]
  21. Polychromatic (eight-color) slide-based cytometry for the phenotyping of leukocyte, NK, and NKT subsets. Mittag, A., Lenz, D., Gerstner, A.O., Sack, U., Steinbrecher, M., Koksch, M., Raffael, A., Bocsi, J., Tárnok, A. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology. (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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