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Gene Review

SP_1937  -  autolysin

Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4

 
 
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Disease relevance of SP_1937

 

High impact information on SP_1937

  • Several pneumococcal proteins including pneumococcal surface proteins A and C, hyaluronate lyase, pneumolysin, autolysin, pneumococcal surface antigen A, choline binding protein A, and two neuraminidase enzymes are being investigated as potential vaccine or drug targets [7].
  • Pneumococci carrying defined mutations in the genes encoding any one of at least three pneumococcal proteins (the toxin pneumolysin, the major pneumococcal autolysin, and pneumococcal surface protein A) have significantly reduced virulence [8].
  • The first crystal structure of a choline binding domain, from the toxin-releasing enzyme pneumococcal major autolysin (LytA), reveals a novel solenoid fold consisting exclusively of beta-hairpins that stack to form a left-handed superhelix [9].
  • Activation of an inactive form of autolysin by in vitro incubation with choline-containing cell walls is also inhibited by lipoteichoic acid [1].
  • Choline-containing pneumococcal cell wals are sensitive to autolysin, whereas ethanolamine-containing walls are not [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of SP_1937

 

Biological context of SP_1937

 

Anatomical context of SP_1937

 

Associations of SP_1937 with chemical compounds

 

Other interactions of SP_1937

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SP_1937

 

References

  1. Lipoteichoic acid: a specific inhibitor of autolysin activity in Pneumococcus. Höltje, J.V., Tomasz, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1975) [Pubmed]
  2. Ofloxacin-like antibiotics inhibit pneumococcal cell wall-degrading virulence factors. Fernández-Tornero, C., García, E., de Pascual-Teresa, B., López, R., Giménez-Gallego, G., Romero, A. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Subcellular localization of the major pneumococcal autolysin: a peculiar mechanism of secretion in Escherichia coli. Díaz, E., García, E., Ascaso, C., Méndez, E., López, R., García, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
  4. Capsular expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae negatively affects spontaneous and antibiotic-induced lysis and contributes to antibiotic tolerance. Fernebro, J., Andersson, I., Sublett, J., Morfeldt, E., Novak, R., Tuomanen, E., Normark, S., Normark, B.H. J. Infect. Dis. (2004) [Pubmed]
  5. The autolysin-encoding gene (lytA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae displays restricted allelic variation despite localized recombination events with genes of pneumococcal bacteriophage encoding cell wall lytic enzymes. Whatmore, A.M., Dowson, C.G. Infect. Immun. (1999) [Pubmed]
  6. The major autolysin of Streptococcus gordonii is subject to complex regulation and modulates stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and extracellular-DNA release. Liu, Y., Burne, R.A. J. Bacteriol. (2011) [Pubmed]
  7. Pneumococcal virulence factors: structure and function. Jedrzejas, M.J. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. (2001) [Pubmed]
  8. Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae: the role of pneumococcal proteins. Paton, J.C., Andrew, P.W., Boulnois, G.J., Mitchell, T.J. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  9. A novel solenoid fold in the cell wall anchoring domain of the pneumococcal virulence factor LytA. Fernández-Tornero, C., López, R., García, E., Giménez-Gallego, G., Romero, A. Nat. Struct. Biol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  10. Coordinated incorporation of nascent peptidoglycan and teichoic acid into pneumococcal cell walls and conservation of peptidoglycan during growth. Tomasz, A., McDonnell, M., Westphal, M., Zanati, E. J. Biol. Chem. (1975) [Pubmed]
  11. Contribution of autolysin to virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Berry, A.M., Lock, R.A., Hansman, D., Paton, J.C. Infect. Immun. (1989) [Pubmed]
  12. The putative autolysin regulator LytR in Streptococcus mutans plays a role in cell division and is growth-phase regulated. Chatfield, C.H., Koo, H., Quivey, R.G. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2005) [Pubmed]
  13. Population biology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from oropharyngeal carriage and invasive disease. Müller-Graf, C.D., Whatmore, A.M., King, S.J., Trzcinski, K., Pickerill, A.P., Doherty, N., Paul, J., Griffiths, D., Crook, D., Dowson, C.G. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (1999) [Pubmed]
  14. Autolysin-targeted LightCycler assay including internal process control for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA in clinical samples. Sheppard, C.L., Harrison, T.G., Morris, R., Hogan, A., George, R.C. J. Med. Microbiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  15. Specific recognition of choline residues in the cell wall teichoic acid by the N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase of Pneumococcus. Höltje, J.V., Tomasz, A. J. Biol. Chem. (1975) [Pubmed]
  16. The puzzle of zmpB and extensive chain formation, autolysis defect and non-translocation of choline-binding proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bergé, M., García, P., Iannelli, F., Prère, M.F., Granadel, C., Polissi, A., Claverys, J.P. Mol. Microbiol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  17. Penicillin tolerance genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: the ABC-type manganese permease complex Psa. Novak, R., Braun, J.S., Charpentier, E., Tuomanen, E. Mol. Microbiol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  18. Genosensor based on a platinum(II) complex as electrocatalytic label. Hernández-Santos, D., González-García, M.B., Costa-García, A. Anal. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  19. The role of pneumolysin and autolysin in the pathology of pneumonia and septicemia in mice infected with a type 2 pneumococcus. Canvin, J.R., Marvin, A.P., Sivakumaran, M., Paton, J.C., Boulnois, G.J., Andrew, P.W., Mitchell, T.J. J. Infect. Dis. (1995) [Pubmed]
  20. Mechanism of action of penicillin: triggering of the pneumococcal autolytic enzyme by inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. Tomasz, A., Waks, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1975) [Pubmed]
  21. Roles of autolysin and pneumolysin in middle ear inflammation caused by a type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain in the chinchilla otitis media model. Sato, K., Quartey, M.K., Liebeler, C.L., Le, C.T., Giebink, G.S. Infect. Immun. (1996) [Pubmed]
  22. Protoplast formation and leakage of intramembrane cell components: induction by the competence activator substance of pneumococci. Seto, H., Tomasz, A. J. Bacteriol. (1975) [Pubmed]
  23. Abnormal physiological properties and altered cell wall composition in Streptococcus pneumoniae grown in the presence of clavulanic acid. Severin, A., Severina, E., Tomasz, A. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) [Pubmed]
  24. Mechanism of killing of pneumococci by lysozyme. Coonrod, J.D., Varble, R., Yoneda, K. J. Infect. Dis. (1991) [Pubmed]
  25. Contribution of the ATP-dependent protease ClpCP to the autolysis and virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ibrahim, Y.M., Kerr, A.R., Silva, N.A., Mitchell, T.J. Infect. Immun. (2005) [Pubmed]
  26. Drug treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly. Neralla, S., Meyer, K.C. Drugs & aging. (2004) [Pubmed]
  27. Classical and latent class analysis evaluation of sputum polymerase chain reaction and urine antigen testing for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Butler, J.C., Bosshardt, S.C., Phelan, M., Moroney, S.M., Tondella, M.L., Farley, M.M., Schuchat, A., Fields, B.S. J. Infect. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
  28. Generation and properties of a Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant which does not require choline or analogs for growth. Yother, J., Leopold, K., White, J., Fischer, W. J. Bacteriol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  29. Pneumococcal Forssman antigen: enrichment in mesosomal membranes and specific binding to the autolytic enzyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Horne, D., Tomasz, A. J. Bacteriol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  30. Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the complete choline-binding domain of the major pneumococcal autolysin. Fernández-Tornero, C., Ramón, A., Fernández-Cabrera, C., Giménez-Gallego, G., Romero, A. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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