Disease relevance of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• Re: second cancers after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer [1].
• Second primary cancers related to smoking and treatment of small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Working Cadre [2].
• Our results also suggest two important considerations for improved follow-up in long-term tamoxifen trials: careful registration of second cancers and routine gynecologic examinations to ensure early detection of endometrial cancer [3].
• These results demonstrate that germ-line p53 mutations observed in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and with second malignancies have inactivated the p53 tumor suppressor gene [4].
• Long-term follow-up of remission duration, mortality, and second malignancies in hairy cell leukemia patients treated with pentostatin [5].

High impact information on Neoplasms, Second Primary

• We investigated the possibility that p53 mutations in the germline are associated with second primary cancers that arise in children and young adults who would not be considered as belonging to Li-Fraumeni families [6].
• Association between thymoma and second neoplasms [7].
• BACKGROUND: Retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) are reported to reduce the occurrence of some second primary cancers, including aerodigestive tract tumors [8].
• Re: second cancers after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer [9].
• Evaluations of the risk of second cancer as a result of treatment with cyclophosphamide alone, radiation alone, or both therapies were made relative to those patients who were exposed to neither treatment modality [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• RESULTS: In the Stockholm Trial, there was a statistically significant (P = .008) reduction in the incidence of second primary cancers in the contralateral breast among the tamoxifen-treated patients [11].
• No second malignancies were observed in patients given ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) with or without RT [12].
• Since our analysis supports the evidence of a major role played by alkylating agents, procarbazine, and RT in inducing second malignancies, regimens not containing there drugs or their administration through treatments of different intensity warrant careful consideration [12].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the long-term follow-up data for 2,014 patients treated on National Cancer Institute Group C protocols with fludarabine for relapsed and refractory CLL and with DCF and CdA for HCL using a Second Cancer Report. The numbers of observed and expected secondary tumors were compared [13].
• None of 224 patients on surveillance strategy (with or without retroperitoneal lymph node dissection [RPLND]) developed a second neoplasm, compared with four of 413 patients (0.97%; 95% CI, 0 to 1.9) after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (not significant) and nine of 332 patients (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.5) after radiotherapy (P = .02) [14].

Biological context of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• The present Centers for Disease Control definition of AIDS excludes these patients on the assumption that one tumor is affecting the cellular immunity, allowing for the development of the second malignancy [15].
• To avoid eye irradiation in bilateral retinoblastoma patients with RB1 germline mutations, which incurs a high second malignancy rate, we added cyclosporin A to a vincristine-teniposide-carboplatin protocol and consolidated chemotherapy responses with focal therapy [16].
• Intravenous IFN-gamma treatment of another patient who had AML as a second malignancy resulted in a complete hematologic remission, normalization of marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell in vitro growth, and conversion of marrow cytogenetics from 95% hyperdiploid clone with complex abnormalities into 100% diploid [17].
• Our aim was to prospectively evaluate whether mutagen sensitivity (mean number of chromatid breaks per cell in cultured lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin) could be used as a biomarker to predict which patients will develop second malignancies in the respiratory or upper digestive tract [18].
• To investigate the possibility that CDKN2A may be involved in the inherited susceptibility to SCCHN, the 3 coding exons of CDKN2A were sequenced in 40 patients who had developed a second primary cancer after an index squamous cell cancer of the head and neck [19].

Anatomical context of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients treated for early-stage oral cavity carcinoma, at risk for second primary cancers, have a statistically significant deficiency in dietary (food) sources of antioxidant nutrients when compared with both historic control subjects and current recommendations [20].
• MTHFR genotypes were determined in DNA samples isolated from archived bone marrow smears of 15 patients with a second malignancy and a matched control group of 30 patients who did not developed a second malignancy after the treatment for ALL [21].
• Along with second malignancies, a major complication of anti-cancer therapies is adverse cardiovascular effects, especially cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease [22].

Gene context of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• Similarities and differences between BRCA1/2 carriers and non-carriers were analysed in terms of family history, pathology of tumour, age of diagnosis, developing contralateral BC and second primary cancer [23].
• No significant association with the development of second neoplasms was observed for the XRCC1 399Gln, XPD 751Gln, or MGMT 84Phe or 143Ile alleles [24].
• RESULTS: A significant increased risk of second neoplasms (all sites combined, as well as for UADT sites and for head and neck squamous cell cancers) was observed among XRCC3 241Met allele homozygotes (HR 2.65-3.44, P < .02) [24].
• Among the 32 families where ovarian cancer was the second primary cancer, 27 (84.4%) had a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (P < 0.001) [25].
• CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that individuals with NMSC who have the variant XPD Gln allele are at increased risk of developing a second primary cancer [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neoplasms, Second Primary

• We report that there is an unexpectedly high incidence of second neoplasms in patients after treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with interferon alpha 2b (IFN) [27].
• Because the meningioma may have been radiation-induced, clinicians are reminded to consider a second neoplasm in cases of apparent bromocriptine treatment failures, especially when prolactin levels are stable [28].
• Disease recurrence was defined as PSA 0.2 ng./ml. or greater on 2 consecutive occasions after radical prostatectomy or second cancer treatment more than 6 months after surgery [29].
• To test this hypothesis, a cohort study was conducted to examine the association between XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism and risk of a second primary cancer in individuals with NMSC [26].
• Fifteen patients subsequently developed second cancers, six in the thiotepa-treated group, and nine in the concurrent control group [30].

References