Disease relevance of Drug Monitoring

• However, to avoid drug-related toxicities, drug monitoring and an individual dose adjustment should be considered because of the variability in busulfan bioavailability [1].
• Evaluation of methods for monitoring drug resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients during lamivudine therapy based on mass spectrometry and reverse hybridization [2].
• In an intensive prospective drug monitoring study of 1,920 patients, 172 (8.9%) had cirrhosis of the liver and received furosemide [3].
• Eight patients with adrenocortical cancer were treated with low doses of mitotane (2-3 g daily) while monitoring drug plasma levels [4].
• Although the combination was well tolerated in this sample and the negative symptom response appeared to be favorable in at least five patients, the combination therapy of olanzapine and fluvoxamine should be used cautiously and should be controlled by therapeutic drug monitoring to avoid olanzapine-induced side effects or intoxications [5].

Psychiatry related information on Drug Monitoring

• Carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy: feasibility, relative safety and efficacy, and therapeutic drug monitoring in manic disorder [6].
• We conclude that therapeutic drug monitoring should become routine in methadone treatment to achieve optimum results, especially in patients who complain of withdrawal symptoms and continue high-risk behaviour [7].

High impact information on Drug Monitoring

• Intoxication due to negative canrenone interference in digoxin drug monitoring [8].
• Immediate anticonvulsive drug monitoring in management of epilepsy [9].
• This disposable device for theophylline monitoring, which can be done within 15 min at the patient's side without instruments, is sufficiently accurate to replace laboratory analysis for routine therapeutic drug monitoring [10].
• Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can detect abnormal plasma levels and is therefore useful in optimizing nelfinavir therapy in HIV-infected children [11].
• Therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan and pharmacokinetic dose adjustments appear to be useful in reducing the incidence of VOD in patients receiving this agent [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Drug Monitoring

• Throughout the period of coadministration, patients should be carefully monitored for clinical signs of digoxin toxicity in conjunction with digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring [13].
• Hyponatremia during treatment with clomipramine, perphenazine, or clozapine: study of therapeutic drug monitoring samples [14].
• The purpose of this prospective study was to (i) develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to be utilized for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of ciprofloxacin and (ii) evaluate current ciprofloxacin dosing regimens for pneumonias in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients [15].
• Prophylactic drug monitoring of mefloquine and its carboxylic acid metabolite were studied in two patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis treatment [16].
• A two-phase study was undertaken designed to investigate the impact of computer-aided drug monitoring on tobramycin concentrations and clinical outcomes in adult patients with cystic fibrosis [17].

Biological context of Drug Monitoring

• A simple method for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate by gentamicin pharmacokinetics during routine drug monitoring in the newborn [18].
• We conclude that saliva sampling could serve as a useful technique for therapeutic drug monitoring as well as for research of caffeine kinetics when many samples are required [19].
• Drug interactions between lamotrigine and psychoactive drugs: evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service [20].
• A limited sampling strategy for determining carboplatin AUC and monitoring drug dosage [21].
• The authors describe the evaluation of an automated rapid emergency drug profiling system (REMEDi HS), which is designed for clinical toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring, in a severe case of dimethoate poisoning [22].

Anatomical context of Drug Monitoring

• In an attempt to assess their respective values for purposes of drug monitoring, plasma, red blood cell, atrial, and ventricular concentrations of amiodarone and N-desethylamiodarone (NDA) were measured, in 50 surgical patients, after a single oral dose (30 mg/kg); hemodynamic changes were assessed also [23].
• Rapid determination of methadone in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine by gas chromatography and its application to routine drug monitoring [24].
• Gingiva contamination was shown to be responsible for the higher caffeine concentrations in saliva, and it was concluded that saliva is a feasible matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring of caffeine [25].
• The method has been used for measuring umbilical cord plasma samples to provide information regarding foetal exposure to caffeine and its metabolites and is also suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of caffeine and theophylline levels in the treatment of neonatal apnoea [26].

Associations of Drug Monitoring with chemical compounds

• While the marked degree of variability observed suggests a potential role for therapeutic drug monitoring in optimizing p.o. methotrexate therapy, the critical time points to monitor, the therapeutic and toxic ranges, and the intrapatient consistency of absorption must be defined before it will be practical and useful [27].
• Therapeutic drug monitoring may thus play an important role in adjusting the dose and schedule of piritrexim in future trials [28].
• Guidelines for folate supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate: comment on the guidelines for monitoring drug therapy [29].
• The authors identified bipolar patients using lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine (N = 718) and then examined the patient demographic, diagnostic, and service use variables associated with therapeutic drug monitoring [30].
• METHOD: The authors prospectively investigated 153 patients with schizophrenia who received clozapine (N = 100) or haloperidol (N = 53) in a drug monitoring program [31].

Gene context of Drug Monitoring

• In addition, the results indicate that inhibition of P-gp activity in normal tissues by effective modulators, and the physiological and pharmacological consequences of this treatment, cannot be predicted based on plasma drug monitoring alone [32].
• Patients on everolimus who have problems with absorption, who take concurrent cytochrome P450 inhibitors or inducers, or are noncompliant will attain the greatest benefit from drug monitoring [33].
• This assay will expedite pharmacokinetic studies and the therapeutic drug monitoring of rofecoxib and possibly other COX-2 inhibitors [34].
• This study points toward a limited information value of CYP2D6 genotyping in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring of perphenazine [35].
• Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin (VCM) in Japanese adult patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were estimated using 1253 items of serum concentration data from 190 patients obtained in routine drug monitoring [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Drug Monitoring

• CONCLUSIONS: Mycophenolic acid AUC(0-12) is predicted by serum albumin and creatinine after kidney transplantation, and the AUC(0-12) may be determined during the early posttransplant period while the patient remains hospitalized with use of a limited sampling strategy to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring [37].
• Large interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics after oral administration has been reported; therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan may decrease the incidence of drug-related toxicity (for example, hepatic venoocclusive disease) and may also improve therapeutic efficacy [38].
• During phase I/II clinical trials of sirolimus (rapamycin; SRL), therapeutic drug monitoring was performed with a multistep liquid-liquid extraction of 1-mL aliquots of whole blood followed by reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection [39].
• This MEKC method could provide a simple and efficient therapeutic drug monitoring method for antiepileptic drugs, especially in patients treated with a combination of zonisamide and other antiepileptic drugs [40].
• In conclusion, this new, more rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay system can be used to measure EPO levels in sera from normal human subjects and patients with several types of anemia, and should also be very useful in therapeutic drug monitoring of patients receiving EPO from various commercial sources [41].

References