Disease relevance of dimethoate

• Characterization of prosystemin expressed in the baculovirus/insect cell system reveals biological activity of the systemin precursor [1].
• To assess whether the juvenile life stages are the most susceptible, we examined the acute toxicity of dimethoate on larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, males, and females of H. aculeifer [2].
• Elevated transaminases are more frequently seen than ascites and elevated alkaline phosphamide are seen in patients with RILD [3].
• In the dose range of 28.2, 14.1, and 7.04, and 7.04 mg/kg/day DM, the two higher doses decreased the body weight gain [4].
• Uptake of dieldrin, dimethoate and permethrin by cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. and Aulosira fertilissima [5].

Psychiatry related information on dimethoate

• Exposure to dimethoate significantly decreased locomotor activity in the first 6 h after administration resulting in a significant decrease in the area over which animals moved [6].
• Carabid beetles (Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F.) were subjected to food deprivation and insecticide treatment (dimethoate) to resolve trends associated with a gradient of heavy metal pollution [7].

High impact information on dimethoate

• Growth/differentiation factor-1 (Gdf-1, encoded by Gdf1) is a TGF-beta family member of unknown function that was originally isolated from an early mouse embryo cDNA library and is expressed specifically in the nervous systemin late-stage embryos and adult mice [8].
• Systemin is proteolytically processed from a 200-amino acid precursor protein, prosystemin [9].
• A gene that encodes systemin, a mobile 18-amino acid polypeptide inducer of proteinase inhibitor synthesis in tomato and potato leaves, has been isolated from tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum [9].
• The gene has 10 introns and 11 exons, ten of which are organized as five homologous pairs with an unrelated sequence in the eleventh, encoding systemin [9].
• The most homologous sequences were found in the kinase and transmembrane regions. tBRI1 (SR160) also has been isolated as the putative receptor for systemin, a plant peptide hormone [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of dimethoate

• Six insecticides, a carbamate (pirimicarb), four pyrethroid/mixtures (tao-fluvalinate, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and pirimcarb+deltamethrin), and an organophosphate (dimethoate), registered for use within cereals, were field-tested for toxicity to beneficial nontarget invertebrate groups important as food for farmland birds [11].
• However, the toxicity of dimethoate was not enhanced by these synergists in either mite species (except for TPP against TSM) [12].
• Ten pesticides had sufficient laboratory data to enable the observed higher-tier effects to be compared with 5% hazardous concentrations (HC5) estimated from acute toxicity laboratory data (atrazine, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, gamma-hexachlorocy-clohexane, lambda-cyhalothrin, parathion, pentachlorophenol, and propoxur) [13].
• The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic treatment with two sublethal doses of Dimethoate (organo-phosphorus) or Deltamethrin (pyrethroid) on body weight and semen characteristics in adult male rabbits [14].
• Multiple treatments of chlorpyrifos, terbufos, dichlorvos and dimethoate caused death after varying periods of increasing debility; although birds had difficulty walking, they did not display typical symptoms of OPIDN [15].

Biological context of dimethoate

• Hydrogen peroxide acts as a second messenger for the induction of defense genes in tomato plants in response to wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate [16].
• Thus, this binding site exhibits the characteristics expected for a functional systemin receptor [17].
• Systemin is an important mediator of wound-induced defense gene activation in tomato plants, and it elicits a rapid alkalinization of the growth medium of cultured Lycopersicon peruvianum cells [18].
• Binding was also competed by the systemin antagonists syst1-14 and syst-Ala-17 (IC50 of 500 and 1000 nM, respectively) [17].
• Moreover, systemin represents one of the initial steps in the signal transduction pathway regulating the wound response [19].

Anatomical context of dimethoate

• Identification of a 50-kDa systemin-binding protein in tomato plasma membranes having Kex2p-like properties [20].
• The isolation to homogeneity of the 160-kDa systemin cell-surface receptor (SR160) from plasma membranes of suspension cultured cells of Lycopersicon peruvianum is reported [21].
• We report here that the mRNA coding the tomato leaf polyprotein precursor of three hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide defense signals (called LeHypSys I, II, and III) is synthesized in phloem parenchyma cells in response to wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate, and the nascent protein is sequestered in the cell wall matrix [22].
• A tubular systemin the arterial endothelial cells is connected with the organelles [23].
• Dimethoate and omethoate, two common organophosphorus insecticides, induced a dose-related increase in the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human lymphocytes in vitro (P of the regression lines less than 0.01) [24].

Associations of dimethoate with other chemical compounds

• In experiments designed to define the normal function of DEF1, we found that def1 plants are defective in defense gene signaling initiated by prosystemin overexpression in transgenic plants as well as by oligosaccharide (chitosan and polygalacturonide) and polypeptide (systemin) elicitors [25].
• Hydrogen peroxide is generated systemically in plant leaves by wounding and systemin via the octadecanoid pathway [26].
• Here, we outline recent progress and future challenges in the signaling peptide analysis, which began with systemin, phytosulfokine, CLAVATA3 and S-locus cysteine-rich protein (also called S-locus protein 11) [27].
• Using a radioreceptor assay, we show that suramin interfered with the binding of the systemin analog (125)I-Tyr-2, Ala-15-systemin to the systemin receptor with an IC(50) of 160 microM [28].
• Methamidophos pretreatment in rats also markedly alters the metabolism of dimethoate (another systemic insecticide) from principally carboxyamide hydrolysis to mainly other pathways [29].

Gene context of dimethoate

• Dimethoate inhibits steroidogenesis by disrupting transcription of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene [30].
• This study concludes that oxidative stress due to dimethoate may be ascribed to induction of Cytochrome P450, inhibition of AChE and disturbance in activities of GSH and GST enzymes causing lipid peroxidation and histological and electron microscopic changes in liver and brain [31].
• Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in individuals treated with dimethoate did not decrease only in insects from the most contaminated site I [32].
• Tomato plants transformed with an antisense prosystemin gene produce neither PG activity or H2O2 in leaves in response to wounding, implicating systemin as a primary wound signal [26].
• Despite the fact that structural features of LRR-RKs are fairy similar, five available ligand molecules for LRR-RKs are structurally diverse, from steroids (brassinolides) to peptides (phytosulfokine and systemin) and secreted proteins (CLV3) [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of dimethoate

• Conversely, an activator of the H+-ATPase (fusicoccin) acidified the growth medium of L. peruvianum cell cultures and suppressed systemin-induced medium alkalinization [18].
• Systemin has been shown by autoradiography to be phloemmobile and, by antisense technology, to be an essential component of the wound-inducible, systemic signal transduction system leading to the transcriptional activation of the defensive genes [34].
• Using DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography, we showed that systemin binds strongly to DNA [35].
• Two sets of clones were isolated from a tobacco cDNA library, utilizing as a probe a PCR fragment obtained from tomato cDNA using a degenerate primer based on the sequence of tomato systemin [36].
• A new, simple and rapid procedure for the determination of dimethoate in urine and blood samples was developed using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [37].

References