Disease relevance of Dry Eye Syndromes

• PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and short-term safety of diclofenac sodium, 0.1% (Voltaren Ophtha; Ciba-Vision) and of sodium chloride, 5% ophthalmic solution, in the treatment of filamentary keratitis (FK) in patients with dry-eye syndrome due to secondary Sjögren's syndrome [1].
• We hypothesize that this cytokine and MMP production is promoted by estrogens, given that dry eye syndromes occur predominantly in women and estrogen therapy is associated with an increase in dry eye signs and symptoms [2].
• Examination revealed a dry eye syndrome and corneal dystrophy consistent with Fabry's disease, a cardiovascular disease with significant systemic as well as ocular findings [3].
• The disorder may be associated with other conditions that require evaluation and management, including hypothyroidism, dry eye syndrome, abnormal karyotype, or a premutation of the FMR1 gene [4].

High impact information on Dry Eye Syndromes

• CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that women who use HRT, particularly estrogen alone, are at increased risk of dry eye syndrome [5].
• Healthy controls and patients with Mikulicz's disease or non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye had the expected apical distribution of AQP5 in lacrimal acinar cells [6].
• Chronic dry eye syndrome affects over 10 million people in the United States; it is associated with inflammation of the lacrimal gland (LG) and in some cases involves T cell infiltration of the conjunctiva [7].
• The data and modeling also predicted significant enhancement of ocular surface fluid secretion by ENaC inhibitors and CFTR activators as possible therapies for dry eye syndromes [8].
• Decreased secretion from the lacrimal gland can lead to dry eye syndromes with deleterious effects on vision [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dry Eye Syndromes

• PURPOSE: Because purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonists elicit increases in net Cl, fluid transport, and glycoprotein release onto the ocular surface, they are candidates for treatment of dry eye syndrome [10].
• METHODS: Immunologic anomalies were identified at baseline, before treatment with the masked medication, in a homogeneous series of patients with dry eye syndrome, who were enrolled in a large European multicenter clinical trial (Cyclosporin A Dry Eye Study; Allergan, Irvine, CA) [11].
• These effects suggest that INS365 is a potential therapeutic agent for use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome [10].
• Tear proteins of nonstimulated tears of 29 patients (healthy subjects, n = 8; dry-eye syndrome patients, n = 12; diabetic dry-eye patients, n = 9) were electrophoretically separated and stained by SYPRO Orange, followed by Coomassie blue staining [12].
• Trehalose eye drops in the treatment of dry eye syndrome [13].

Biological context of Dry Eye Syndromes

• Lastly, it describes the CFD and experimental study on the microclimate around the eyes, focusing on dry eye syndrome [14].
• Ophthalmological examination consisted of anamnesis of dry eye syndrome and visual acuity, visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer test, fundus examination, and intraocular pressure measurement, as well as fluorescein angiography in patients with pathological vascular findings in the fundus examination [15].
• Intriguingly, physiological expression of TSHR by LG suggests that, in thyroid disease, autoantibodies may bind to lacrimal TSHR and, perhaps via aberrant signal transduction, contribute to LG impairment and, hence, dry eye syndrome [16].

Anatomical context of Dry Eye Syndromes

• The aim of the study was to determine whether salivary gland scintigraphy using technetium-99m pertechnetate is suitable for checking the vitality and function after autotransplantation of the submandibular salivary gland in patients with dry eye syndrome [17].
• Analysis of topical cyclosporine treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome: effect on conjunctival lymphocytes [18].
• We hypothesize that pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), cause a marked increase in nitric oxide (NO) production via induction of iNOS in lacrimal gland epithelial cells and that this may be a significant pathophysiological pathway of dry eye syndrome [19].

Gene context of Dry Eye Syndromes

• This study also showed that flow cytometry in impression cytology specimens is a reliable tool for exploring the ocular surface at the epithelial level and that CD44, in addition to HLA DR, could be an interesting endpoint for future trials in dry eye syndrome with products based on SH [20].
• Our results suggest that substantial amounts of ocular mucous glycoprotein are present in the eyes of patients with CP and SJS, diseases which have been previously described as mucin-deficient dry eye syndromes [21].
• Ocular surface damage and tear lactoferrin in dry eye syndrome [22].
• "Dry eye syndrome" is a common disorder of the tear film that results from inadequate tear production, excessive tear evaporation or abnormality in mucin or lipid components of the tear film [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dry Eye Syndromes

• Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover, multicentre study to determine the efficacy of a 0.1% (w/v) sodium hyaluronate solution (Fermavisc) in the treatment of dry eye syndrome [24].
• Iodide iontophoresis as a treatment for dry eye syndrome [25].
• Between mid-May and mid-July 1987 we performed a prospective crossover study of two unit-dose preservative-free artificial tear solutions, 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol (Refresh) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Hylorin) in 14 female patients with severe dry eye syndrome [26].

References