Disease relevance of Intraocular Pressure

• The mean interval between the onset of Graves' disease and this study was 6.3 +/- 1.0 years (S.E.M.) for those patients who had exaggerated positional changes in intraocular pressure, as compared with 3.0 +/- 1.0 years for those with normal intraocular pressure (P less than 0.005) [1].
• In view of the sensitivity of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to the effects of glucocorticoids in raising intraocular pressure, this potentiation may be responsible for the steroid sensitivity and for the ocular hypertension seen in this disorder [2].
• Our data suggest that myopia is strongly associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma and that young black patients with elevated intraocular pressure, especially when myopic, are more susceptible to glaucomatous damage than are whites [3].
• Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 54 pediatric patients (aged 7-21 years) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were treated with oral prednisone for 1-104 months [4].
• In eyes with chronic, therapy resistant, ocular hypotony, intravitreal triamcinolone can induce an increase in intraocular pressure and may stabilize the eye [5].

Psychiatry related information on Intraocular Pressure

• Diurnal intraocular pressure levels were similar at baseline, but at week 26, they were 19.9 +/- 3.4 mm Hg in the fixed combination therapy group, 20.8 +/- 4.6 mm Hg in latanoprost-treated patients, and 23.4 +/- 5.4 mm Hg in timolol-treated patients (data are given as mean +/- SD) [6].
• Suxamethonium, usually given to modify the convulsion of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) increases intraocular pressure (IOP) by about 7-8 mmHg, the increase being maximal and having returned to baseline 2 min and 6 mins after injection, respectively [7].
• Nasal CPAP during wakefulness increases intraocular pressure in glaucoma [8].

High impact information on Intraocular Pressure

• Compared with data obtained in the sitting position, the intraocular pressure more than doubled on inversion (35.6 +/- 4 v 14.1 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, n = 16), increasing to levels well within the glaucomatous range [9].
• Eye drops of RU 486-6, a peripheral steroid blocker, lower intraocular pressure in rabbits [10].
• Bromocriptine eyedrops lower intraocular pressure without affecting prolactin levels [11].
• These results suggest that dopamine receptors may be involved in the control of intraocular pressure [12].
• Topical ocular application of forskolin, a diterpene that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate by stimulating adenylate cyclase directly without cell surface mediation, lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, monkeys, and volunteers who were free from eye disease [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intraocular Pressure

• To clarify whether this results from direct activation of the dopamine-1 receptor or indirectly from baroreflex sympathetic stimulation after blood pressure reduction, intraocular pressure was measured in 14 patients with accelerated/malignant hypertension, randomized between intravenous fenoldopam or sodium nitroprusside [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with other masked and controlled studies and in conflict with uncontrolled ones, the present study did not demonstrate long-term drift of intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension treated with topical timolol [15].
• PURPOSE: To compare the around-the-clock intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction induced by timolol 0.5%, latanoprost 0.005%, and dorzolamide in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) [16].
• Timolol maleate is a nonselective beta-blocking drug used for the topical treatment of increased intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma [17].
• The effects of 3 mg orally administered dexamethasone on the intraocular pressure (IOP) were examined in four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma hospitalized for this study [18].

Biological context of Intraocular Pressure

• The non-pulmonary effects of a new quaternary anticholinergic, ipratropium bromide, have been studied both in the United States and abroad; these effects include inhibition of salivation, interference with micturition, and ocular effects such as pupil size, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure [19].
• In contrast, seven patients with a mean blood pressure of 225/134 mm Hg treated with sodium nitroprusside exhibited no change in intraocular pressure (15 +/- 1 versus 14 +/- 1 mm Hg) despite similar blood pressure reduction [14].
• In a double-blind crossover study in healthy males we measured systemic beta blockade, intraocular pressure, and timolol kinetics after the first and ninth 12-hourly dose of a 0.5% ophthalmic solution [20].
• These data suggest that the increase in intraocular pressure with fenoldopam results from specific activation of the dopamine-1 receptor and is not caused by baroreflex sympathetic stimulation [14].
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase the optic nerve oxygen tension through a mechanism of vasodilatation and lowering of the intraocular pressure [21].

Anatomical context of Intraocular Pressure

• To determine the site and possible mechanism of action of adrenergic agents in regulating intraocular pressure, experiments were undertaken to identify, localize, and characterize beta-adrenergic receptors associated with adenylate cyclase in various ocular tissues involved in secretion and reabsorption of aqueous humor [22].
• MYOC is expressed in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a tissue responsible for drainage of aqueous humor from the eye, and the tissue involved in elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma [23].
• In the current study, the role of the adenosine system in the pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, which is typically associated with anterior chamber hypoxia and elevated intraocular pressure, was examined [24].
• The effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) and other agonists on rabbit intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size, and the breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier were evaluated [25].
• Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is related to intraocular pressure and IOP-induced effects on extracellular matrix [26].

Associations of Intraocular Pressure with chemical compounds

• A peripheral corticosteroid blocker RU 486-6, instilled as a 1% suspension at random into one eye of 12 rabbits, produced a consistent fall in intraocular pressure as measured by a hand-held applanation tonometer, when compared with the fellow control eye [10].
• Cyclic AMP and intraocular pressure [27].
• Effect of sotalol on normal intraocular pressure [28].
• Recently, PGF2alpha analogs have been hypothesized to reduce intraocular pressure via relaxation of the ciliary muscle [29].
• These processes, which appear to be responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure in the human eye, involve a novel cooperative co-signaling pathway between alpha5beta1 and alpha4beta1 integrins and are independent of heparan sulfate proteoglycans [30].

Gene context of Intraocular Pressure

• Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity plays an important role in controlling aqueous humor production in the eye and in regulating intraocular pressure [31].
• In addition, APOE(-491T), interacting at a highly significant level with an SNP in the MYOC promoter, MYOC(-1000G), is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and with limited effectiveness of IOP-lowering treatments in patients with POAG [32].
• However, because humans with defective AQP1 are phenotypically normal and because the ocular application of phorbol esters reduce intraocular pressure, we postulated that the water channel activity of AQP4 may be regulated by these agents [33].
• Although ET-1-induced PG release could function to modulate, through cAMP, the responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation, the precise role of these effects in intraocular pressure lowering and accommodation remains to be delineated [34].
• The present study tested whether OPTN sequence changes play a role in early-onset glaucoma characterized by elevated intraocular pressure [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intraocular Pressure

• Essential fatty acid deficiency in total parenteral nutrition. Detection by changes in intraocular pressure [36].
• Topical administration of 0.5% vanadate lowers intraocular pressure in monkey and rabbit eyes [37].
• The uveal absorption of aqueous humor at two different intraocular pressures was measured in rhesus monkeys by sampling vortex vein blood during anterior chamber perfusion of Ringer's solution containing both fluorescein and 125I albumin [38].
• Choriocapillaris filling patterns were altered by acutely elevating intraocular pressure, by O2 and CO2 breathing, and by argon laser retinal photocoagulation of adjacent areas [39].
• PURPOSE: To assess whether tonometric measurements of the drop in intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.005% latanoprost are modified after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) [40].

References