Disease relevance of Diclophenac

• Indomethacin and voltaren significantly decreased total tumor incidence and multiplicity and brain tumor incidence and multiplicity [1].
• CONCLUSION: Irradiation within 16-20 h before operation and use of NSAID (Voltaren resinat) can reduce the incidence of clinically relevant heterotopic ossification after total hip replacement [2].
• Following several years of development and validation, we applied the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index as the principal outcome measure in a double blind randomized parallel trial of Meclomen (100 mg po tid) and Voltaren (25 mg po tid) [3].
• Voltaren associated with medication keratitis [4].
• The 2 main reasons for stopping a drug were lack of efficacy (Indo 10%, N 25%, P 34%, D 32%) and toxicity (Indo 39%, N 30%, P 30%, D 40%) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diclophenac

• Sodium diclofenac inhibits hyperthermia induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation: the possible participation of prostaglandins [6].
• Administration of sodium diclofenac before bed-time eliminated episodes of nocturnal enuresis in 37% of children; intranasal administration of Adiuretin SD had a positive effect in 69% of enuretics [7].

High impact information on Diclophenac

• Cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin or sodium diclofenac did not reduce, but rather increased, vasodilation [8].
• Indomethacin also decreased kidney tumor multiplicity and voltaren diminished spinal cord tumor multiplicity [1].
• The third pattern was displayed by DF, which down-regulated IL-5 production and CCR4 expression, whereas IFN-gamma and CXCR3 were unaltered [9].
• 5. The results suggest that the co-administration of NEO with some NSAIDs (e.g. KETO, PARA or DICLO) resulted in a synergistic interaction, which may provide evidence of supraspinal antinociception modulation by the increased acetylcholine concentration in the synaptic cleft of cholinergic interneurons [10].
• The chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase, isolated from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, was inhibited by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Voltaren) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diclophenac

• Photoallergic contact dermatitis from topical diclofenac in Solaraze gel [12].
• Allergic contact dermatitis from polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 350 in Solaraze gel [13].
• Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced retinal edema was assessed 72 h after initiation of topical treatment with nepafenac (0.1-1.0%, w/v), dexamethasone (0.1%), VOLTAREN (0.1%), or ACULAR (0.5%) [14].
• The effect of diclofenac acid (Voltaren) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters [15].
• PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and short-term safety of diclofenac sodium, 0.1% (Voltaren Ophtha; Ciba-Vision) and of sodium chloride, 5% ophthalmic solution, in the treatment of filamentary keratitis (FK) in patients with dry-eye syndrome due to secondary Sjögren's syndrome [16].

Biological context of Diclophenac

• In vitro release and in vivo bioavailability of the capsules was compared to Voltaren suppositories [17].
• The systemic pharmacokinetics and local drug distribution of sodium diclofenac in skin and underlying tissues was studied [18].
• The in vivo bioavailability studies show bioequivalence in terms of AUC for both formulations (capsules and Voltaren suppositories) [17].
• DCF was a weak competitor for T3 binding sites in cytosol and nuclear extracts prepared from HepG2 cells with a potency of 21 and 295 microM, respectively [19].
• Effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on spermatogenesis of infertile oligospermic patients [20].

Anatomical context of Diclophenac

• When expressed relative to T3, DCF was 135-fold more potent in cytosol than in nuclear extract [19].
• In the present study we have examined the competitive potency for DCF and its effect on nuclear binding of T3 in cultured cells [19].
• Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) reduced exercise-induced injury in human skeletal muscle [21].
• Responses to TNP-Ficoll were measured in the popliteal lymph node of BALB/c mice three weeks after they received a single oral dose of D-Pen or DF [22].
• At the end of the scintigraphic imaging studies it was observed that radiolabelled lipogelosome formulation containing DFNa (L1J1) retained much longer in the experimentally arthritic knee joints of the rabbits [23].

Associations of Diclophenac with other chemical compounds

• On the other hand, biofilm produced by the slime-positive, antigen-negative strain showed dramatic alterations already after short treatments with sodium diclofenac as reported for salicylate and other nonsteroidal drugs [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: While topical NSAIDs as a class may be associated with severe adverse events, such events appeared to require potentiation in the form of high total doses, ocular comorbidities, or both with Acular and Voltaren [25].
• RESULTS: At 10 microM, ACLO, NIM, 4-HONIM, 4-HOA-CLO, and DICLO decreased luminol-enhanced CL generated by PMA-activated neutrophils [26].
• A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the analgesic effect of rectal sodium diclofenac 100 mg after Caesarean section using subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine 0.2 mg [27].
• The buccal delivery of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), from a prototype hydrogel was studied in man in a randomized crossover design of buccal delivery and i.v. infusion [28].

Gene context of Diclophenac

• Effects of nimesulide and sodium diclofenac on interleukin-6, interleukin-8, proteoglycans and prostaglandin E2 production by human articular chondrocytes in vitro [29].
• Results of this approach show that orally pre-treated mice responded with enhanced responses (TNP-specific IgG1 and IFN-gamma production) to sub-optimal doses of D-Pen or DF in a drug-specific manner [22].
• Both the increased pain reflexes as well as the enhanced PGE2 levels were abolished by addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac-Na (Voltaren) to the perfusion fluid [30].
• Using sodium diclofenac (SD) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) as model compounds, the properties of these new microparticles for the entrapment and controlled release of drugs and proteins were investigated [31].
• Chronic administration of the anti-inflammatory analgesic, sodium diclofenac (3 mg.kg-1.d-1), abolished an adjuvant-induced increase in the content of immunoreactive somatostatin in the dorsal root ganglia [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diclophenac

• The maximum plasma concentration of sodium diclofenac was achieved within 1 h of iontophoresis, and the delivery was proportional to applied current density (371 +/- 141 and 132 +/- 62 microg/L at 0.5 and 0.2 mA/cm(2), respectively) [18].
• Treatment with topical homatropine hydrobromide, either diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) or ketorolac tromethamine (Acular), and a soft contact lens was most effective in achieving post-PRK analgesia [33].
• Such results suggest further investigation of the possible use of sodium diclofenac drops in the treatment of ophthalmic infections in soft contact lens wearers [24].
• One hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) in reducing ocular inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation [34].
• We report a case of corneal melting associated with topically applied preservative-free diclofenac (Voltaren Ofta) after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy [35].

References