Disease relevance of LOC292801

• Plexuses of NPY-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the parotid gland, the target of the otic ganglion, and in the intraorbital lacrimal gland and palate, targets of the sphenopalatine ganglion [1].
• Experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis. I. Lacrimal gland disease in the rat [2].
• Decreased secretion from the lacrimal gland can lead to dry eye syndromes with deleterious effects on vision [3].
• Autoantibodies against lacrimal gland M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome [4].
• Lewis rats immunized with exorbital lacrimal gland fractions I or II in CFA plus pertussis showed only minimal lesions, similar to controls receiving CFA and pertussis without antigen [2].

High impact information on LOC292801

• Relationship between the Golgi apparatus, GERL, and secretory granules in acinar cells of the rat exorbital lacrimal gland [5].
• Exocytosis in secretory cells of rat lacrimal gland. Peroxidase release from lobules and isolated cells upon cholinergic stimulation [6].
• Endogenous JEAP localized at TJs of exocrine cells including pancreas, submandibular gland, lacrimal gland, parotid gland, and sublingual gland, but not at TJs of epithelial cells of small intestine or endothelial cells of blood vessels [7].
• Northern analysis demonstrated a 1.6-kilobase mRNA in submandibular, parotid, and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, eye, trachea, and lung [8].
• These data show that B cells are the predominant population adhering to LG epithelium and suggest that lymphocyte homing receptors mediate the adherence process [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of LOC292801

• In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus there was a significant reduction in insulin-induced insulin receptor and STAT-1 phosphorylation in the lacrimal gland but not in the salivary gland; there was no influence on Shc phosphorylation in either tissue [10].
• Administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol for 4 days, which caused a marked hypertrophy of the submandibular gland, had no effect on the structure, weight, or cystatin content of the exorbital lacrimal gland [11].

Biological context of LOC292801

• In vitro adhesive interactions between rat lymphocytes and lacrimal gland acinar epithelium. Phenotype of adherent lymphocytes and involvement of adhesion molecules [9].
• Binding studies with [3H]QNB showed that acinar cells from pancreas contain 26,400, from parotid 21,400, and from lacrimal gland 25,700 binding sites/cell [12].
• Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in rat lacrimal gland [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: All components of the VIP signal transduction pathway in the lacrimal gland were present [14].
• Androgens transcriptionally regulate the expression of cystatin-related protein and the C3 component of prostatic binding protein in rat ventral prostate and lacrimal gland [15].

Anatomical context of LOC292801

• Direct phenotyping of adherent lymphocytes demonstrated that B lymphocytes (particularly IgA+ and IgG+ cells) were the predominant participants in LG binding [9].
• These findings indicate that selective interactions between lymphocytes and the glandular epithelium contribute to the presence of IgA-producing cells in the LG [9].
• The selective interaction of trafficking lymphocytes with glandular epithelial cells is thought to link the lacrimal gland (LG) to the mucosal immune network [9].
• Enriched B cell populations showed greater binding to LG epithelium than did enriched T cell populations [9].
• In addition, the presence of rat lymph node and Peyer's patch homing receptors on endogenous LG lymphocytes was demonstrated by flow cytometry [9].

Associations of LOC292801 with chemical compounds

• To investigate the nature of this neuroimmunoendocrine interaction, the present study examined the impact of hormones, neurotransmitters, and lymphokines on basal and androgen-induced SC production by lacrimal gland acinar cells in vitro [16].
• Moreover, the SC response to DHT occurred irrespective of whether lacrimal gland acinar cells were obtained from young adult male or female rats [17].
• The muscarinic receptor from the cerebral cortex, heart, and lacrimal gland can be solubilized in the zwitterionic detergent 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPSO) with retention of high affinity [3H]N-methyls-copolamine binding [18].
• At the protein level, the C3 component in the lacrimal gland is glycosylated and linked by disulfide bridges to a new 10-kDa component not reacting with the PBP antiserum [15].
• Retinoic acid may play a role in maintaining the proper function of lacrimal gland cells [19].

Physical interactions of LOC292801

• ErbB2 and its ligand Muc4 (sialomucin complex) in rat lacrimal gland [20].
• We employed a monoclonal antibody to cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) to assess the presence and localization of this retinoid-binding protein in the lacrimal gland of the rat [19].

Regulatory relationships of LOC292801

• METHODS: Lacrimal gland acini were isolated by collagenase digestion and incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to activate PKC or ionomycin, a Ca(2+) ionophore [21].
• Comparison with a rat brain cytosolic fraction indicated that it is PKC-alpha which is expressed in the rat lacrimal gland [22].
• In this report, it is demonstrated that the C3 component of prostatic binding protein (PBP) is also expressed and androgen regulated in the exorbital lacrimal gland, as shown previously for cystatin-related protein (CRP), another abundant secretory protein from the ventral prostate [15].
• We conclude that cholinergic agonists stimulate lacrimal gland protein secretion primarily by mobilizing Ca2+ from intracellular stores and that one mechanism by which this Ca2+ could activate secretion is in conjunction with calmodulin [23].

Other interactions of LOC292801

• Differential effects of the EGF family of growth factors on protein secretion, MAPK activation, and intracellular calcium concentration in rat lacrimal gland [24].
• We conclude that all members of the EGF family of growth factors studied are synthesised in rat lacrimal gland, could activate all four ErbB receptors that are present in this tissue, and differentially activate lacrimal gland functions [24].
• Though mucins are not generally considered a product of the lacrimal gland, our results clearly show Muc4/SMC is produced by the gland in soluble and membrane forms [20].
• In this work, we show that when the rat lacrimal gland cytosolic fraction is chromatographed on hydroxyapatite, only one peak of PKC activity can be detected [22].
• We conclude that PKC-alpha and -epsilon, but not PKC-delta, are implicated in cholinergic agonist-induced protein secretion in rat lacrimal gland [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LOC292801

• The presence of NT and NTr protein, was determined by Western blot analysis of lacrimal gland homogenate or membranes [26].
• METHODS: RT-PCR was performed on RNA isolated from male rat lacrimal gland, using oligonucleotides specific to each NT and NTr [26].
• RESULTS: These autoantibodies recognized by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting assay a band of approximately 70 kDa expressed on lacrimal gland membranes that comigrated with the peak of labeled mAChRs [4].
• METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using both rat exorbital lacrimal gland acinar cell membranes and synthetic 25-mer peptide as antigens was used to determine autoantibodies against acinar cells and M(3) mAChRs [27].
• Two days after castration, the relative abundance of CRP mRNA had declined significantly (P < 0.01) to 10.5 +/- 1.5% (+/-SEM) of precastration levels in the prostate and to 14.5 +/- 8.0% in the lacrimal gland; the transcription rates declined to 14.3% and 10.0%, respectively [15].

References