Disease relevance of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• L-735,524 represents a class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors, termed hydroxyaminopentane amides, that incorporate a basic amine into the hydroxyethylene inhibitor backbone [1].
• To investigate the effect of PAI-1 deficiency on fibrosis, we studied the accumulation of fibrotic tissue within subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges [2].
• METHODS: Male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to a midline laparotomy and polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wound before hemorrhage (35+/-5 mm Hg for 90 minutes and resuscitation) or sham operation [3].
• Selective catheterization of the arteries feeding the metastases was performed, followed by infusion of polyvinyl alcohol particles (Ivalon) [4].
• Alternating systemic PCI-5FU and regional TACE (cisplatin/polyvinyl alcohol) is an active and feasible regimen with manageable toxicities in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies with liver-dominant disease and merits further investigation [5].

Psychiatry related information on POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• METHODS AND RESULTS: The laccase was immobilized on carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (N-HSI) in aqueous solution at different pHs, temperatures, and with different reaction times [6].

High impact information on POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• The value of sequential percutaneous hepatic artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles was examined in 22 patients with islet cell carcinoma metastatic to the liver [7].
• The vulnerary effects of EGF were evaluated in a model of wound repair, the polyvinyl alcohol sponge implanted subcutaneously in rats [8].
• The regulation of macrophage phenotype by neutrophils was studied in the s.c. polyvinyl alcohol sponge wound model in mice made neutropenic by anti-Gr-1 Ab, as well as in cell culture [9].
• A linear skin incision and subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponge disks were considered as wound-healing models [10].
• Components necessary during the first stage for "activation" included GrpE and DnaK proteins, ATP at 0.2 mM or greater, and polyvinyl alcohol (8%) or glycerol, optimal at concentrations between 20 and 30% [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• A two-vial system consisting of Enteric Plus medium and polyvinyl alcohol fixative was slightly superior for identifying enteric pathogens than was a three-vial system with buffered glycerol saline, Cary-Blair medium with campylobacter antibodies, and polyvinyl alcohol fixative [12].
• L-687,908, a potent hydroxyethylene-containing HIV protease inhibitor [13].
• The effects of 30-minute intravenous and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) infusions of vasopressin in dosages of 2.75 mU and 14 mU per min per kg were compared in five dogs that had cirrhosis and portal hypertension induced by fractionated intraportal polyvinyl alcohol injections [14].
• Using guinea pigs, orally administered thalidomide significantly enhanced the response of multinucleated foreign body giant cells (p<0.05) in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges [15].
• Protein A-Sepharose and tryptophan polyvinyl alcohol affinity gels have been evaluated as possible agents for the selective, extracorporeal removal of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies from the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis [16].

Biological context of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• In addition, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol must also affect another property of recA protein, i.e. self-association, which is required for synapsis and DNA strand exchange [17].
• As part of a structure-based drug design program directed against enzyme targets in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have determined the three-dimensional structures of the HIV type 1 protease complexed with two hydroxyethylene-based inhibitors [18].
• The inhibitor is bound in an extended conformation along the active site cleft, and the hydroxyl group of the hydroxyethylene moiety is hydrogen-bonded to both catalytic aspartate carboxylates [19].
• In contrast, cell adhesion was reduced significantly when the surface was modified with hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) such as poly(2-hydrohyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [20].
• In vivo, IL-8 treated PVA sponges demonstrated a decrease in cell density and an increase in vascularization compared to saline controls by H&E staining [21].

Anatomical context of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• Suppression of the anti-DNP IgE response with tolerogenic conjugates of DNP with polyvinyl alcohol. II. Induction of hapten-specific suppressor T cells [22].
• Uptake of polyvinyl alcohol by macrophages in the glomerular mesangium of rats. Histologic and functional studies [23].
• To investigate lymphocyte participation in wound healing, the migration of T lymphocyte subsets into healing wounds and subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges was studied [24].
• Experimental canine hepatic artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam particles [25].
• PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the tissue reaction to and the embolic effect and absorption of chitin and chitosan microspheres and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the renal artery of rabbits [26].

Associations of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL with other chemical compounds

• Further comparisons suggest that resonance effects are between roughly 58% and 65% of the 26 kcal/mol calculated acidity enhancement of vinyl alcohol over methanol, and the remaining 42% to 35% are due to inductive effects [27].
• Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we have determined that the optimal material for the central transparent portion of a perforating keratoprosthesis is a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer hydrogel [28].
• Segmental and complete hepatic artery embolization with Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) particles (0.25 to 1 mm) was performed in 12 dogs to evaluate hepatic function alterations and histopathological changes [25].
• With PVA, a large amount of capillary formations occurred within the embolized arteries, whereas chitin particles and chitosan microspheres showed a lower rate of capillary formation [26].
• On-chip capillary electrophoresis with uncoated and polyvinyl alcohol-coated glass channels in aqueous and nonaqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) background electrolyte (BGE) solutions was applied in the separation of five amines derivatized with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate [29].

Gene context of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• An inhibitor, OM00-3, Glu-Leu-Asp-LeuAla-Val-Glu-Phe (where the asterisk represents the hydroxyethylene tansition-state isostere), designed from the consensus residues, was found to be the most potent inhibitor of memapsin 2 so far reported (K(i) of 3.1 x 10(-10) M) [30].
• We have previously shown that angiogenesis, as reflected by fibrovascular invasion into subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges, is increased in SPARC-null mice (6-9 months of age) relative to their wild-type (WT) counterparts [31].
• SPARC-thrombospondin-2-double-null mice exhibit enhanced cutaneous wound healing and increased fibrovascular invasion of subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol sponges [32].
• To study the effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on the development of bovine embryos, fertilized bovine embryos in vitro were cultured in a chemically defined, protein-free medium: modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) supplemented with lmg/ml polyvinyl alcohol [33].
• The first potent inhibitors are based on the sequence of APP around the beta-secretase cleavage site EVNL/DAEF, with the scissile Leu-Asp amide bond being replaced by a hydroxyethylene transition state analogue isostere [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

• To test their hypothesis, dorsal skin incisions and subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol sponges were performed in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats at varying times following sham radiation or varying doses of whole-body radiation (175-850 rad) [35].
• RESULTS: Bilateral uterine artery embolization was achieved in all but one woman by using polyvinyl alcohol particles or trisacryl microspheres [36].
• Eighteen patients with metastatic carcinoid were treated by hepatic artery embolization with Gelfoam or polyvinyl alcohol foam for control of the carcinoid syndrome [37].
• Four weeks after transplantation, the mean blood glucose level and body weight had no change with PVA [38].
• Fourteen heterocyclic amines (HAs) were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated capillary column [39].

References