High impact information on Islands of Calleja

• MSCs also populated neuron rich regions including the Islands of Calleja, the olfactory bulb, and the internal granular layer of the cerebellum [1].
• Electrical stimulation of the PBN (10 sec on, 10 sec off; 15-50 microA at 20 Hz for 60-90 min) in rats anesthetized with urethane led to increases in mean arterial pressure (10-30 mm Hg) and to ipsilateral increases of FLI in the lateral PBN, dorsal division of SON, ACE, endopiriform nucleus, insular cortex, piriform cortex, and islands of Calleja [2].
• The autoradiographic localization of 3H-205-502 binding sites showed high densities of dopamine D2 receptors in areas such as the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, olfactory tubercle, the lateral septum, and the islands of Calleja [3].
• Both GIPC mRNA and protein are widely expressed in rat brain and together with the D(3)R in neurons of the islands of Calleja at plasma membranes and in vesicles [4].
• The D3 dopamine receptor, a D2-like receptor, is selectively expressed in the ventral striatum, particularly in the shell of nucleus accumbens and islands of Calleja, where it is found in medium sized substance P neurons [5].

Biological context of Islands of Calleja

• 1. Using patch-clamp techniques, we have studied actions of dopamine and related compounds on granule neurones within the islands of Calleja in vitro, in slices if approximately 200 microns thickness or as groups of varying cell number following enzymic digestion [6].
• To test the hypothesis that the islands of Calleja may have a role in cardiovascular control, we tested the effect on arterial pressure and heart rate of microinjection of L-glutamate into the islands of Calleja of the artificially ventilated, urethane anesthetized rat [7].

Anatomical context of Islands of Calleja

• Dense fiber staining was observed within the islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercle, hippocampal complex, amygdala; moderate to light fiber staining was seen in iso- and limbic cortices [8].
• Significant binding was also found in remaining neocortical layers, islands of Calleja, caudate putamen, olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, and choroid plexus [9].
• Densest [3H]rauwolscine labeling appeared over nucleus caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, Islands of Calleja, hippocampus, parasubiculum, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and substantia nigra [10].
• High labelling was observed in regions richly innervated by monoaminergic systems: dopamine in the striatum and olfactory tubercles, noradrenaline in the striatal fissure and in the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamus and serotonin in the lateral septum, islands of Calleja and suprachiasmatic nucleus [11].
• Three areas of the septum receive a prominent innervation by 5-HT processes: the diagonal band of Broca, the ventral part of the lateral septum, and an area bordering the medial edge of the islands of Calleja (insula magna) [12].

Associations of Islands of Calleja with chemical compounds

• Specifically, like clozapine and nemonapride, YM-43611 significantly increased the number of immunoreactive cells in the nucleus accumbens shell and islands of Calleja [13].
• Haloperidol decreased D3 receptor expression in limbic areas, with the exception of the islands of Calleja where an increase occurred [14].
• [3H]Quinpirole binding was decreased in the presence of guanine nucleotides in most brain regions except in the islands of Calleja and the molecular layer of cerebellar lobules 9 and 10 [15].
• Autoradiographic studies were performed in the presence and absence of 10 microM Gpp(NH)p. Binding in D2 containing regions, such as the caudate-putamen, was completely inhibited by guanylyl-imidodiphosphate although binding in D3 containing areas, such as the islands of Calleja, was unaffected [16].
• Sulpiride and clozapine increased D3 receptor expression in limbic and striatal regions but decreased D3 receptor expression in the islands of Calleja [14].

Gene context of Islands of Calleja

• The islands of Calleja (CJI) displaying a strongly TH-immunoreactive centre and a periphery of lower staining intensity, showed only a low number of TH-immunoreactive fibres co-expressing CR or CALB [17].
• The lateral border of the substriatal grey and the area within, and adjacent to, all islands of Calleja exhibited the most dense ChAT-positive punctate staining [18].
• Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we demonstrate that D3 mRNAs are enriched in human n, accumbens and in the islands of Calleja [19].
• D1 dopamine receptors mediate neuroleptic-induced Fos expression in the islands of Calleja [20].
• Castration and inhibition of aromatase activity reduced, whereas estradiol and testosterone increased oxytocin binding, particularly in regions of the brain assumed to be involved in reproductive functions, such as the ventrolateral part of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus and the islands of Calleja and neighbouring cell groups [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Islands of Calleja

• In vitro autoradiography of rat brain sections exhibited elevated labeling in striatum, major islands of Calleja, and olfactory tubercle regions, where dopamine neurons are known to be concentrated [22].

References