Disease relevance of Turner Syndrome

• Y chromosome sequences in Turner's syndrome and risk of gonadoblastoma or virilisation [1].
• Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of adipose tissue and muscle tissue mass in children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, Turner's syndrome, and intrauterine growth retardation during the first year of treatment with GH [2].
• This study was conducted on 56 hGH-triggered naevi and nine similar lesions excised before or after hGH therapy for hypopituitarism and Turner's syndrome [3].
• Inversion of intron 22 of the factor VIII gene in a girl with severe hemophilia A and Turner's syndrome [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Long-term GH treatment, even at dosages up to 8 IU/m(2)/d, does not result in LV hypertrophy or hypertension in girls with Turner's syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on Turner Syndrome

• The authors sought to determine whether significant deviations from normal or from Turner's syndrome (relative to space perception) occur when a Y chromosome is present [6].

High impact information on Turner Syndrome

• Detection of Y-chromosome sequences in gonadal tissue of patients with Turner's syndrome (45,X) [7].
• A preliminary study of the effect of estrogen dose on growth in Turner's syndrome [8].
• Growth hormone deficiency in Turner's syndrome [9].
• Two genes with these properties are ZFX and RPS4X, both of which have been proposed to play a role in Turner's syndrome [10].
• HMB-45 immunoreactivity, a marker of stimulated melanocytes, was absent in naevi from 18 of 19 individuals not treated with hGH, including 5 Turner's syndrome patients studied 2-43 months after stopping hGH [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Turner Syndrome

• Growth-promoting effect of growth hormone and low dose ethinyl estradiol in girls with Turner's syndrome [12].
• Abnormal glucose tolerance was found in 50% of Turner's syndrome patients before and 78% during treatment with sex hormones [13].
• Treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH), alone or in combination with the anabolic steroid oxandrolone (OX), has been recommended for girls with Turner's syndrome to improve final height [14].
• In an attempt to clarify this variability, we assessed growth parameters, 24-h GH profiles, arginine-stimulated serum GH levels, and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in a group of 41 girls with Turner's syndrome with a mean (+/- SD) age of 13 +/- 3 yr (range, 6.7-18.9) [15].
• Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretory dynamics in Turner's syndrome [16].

Biological context of Turner Syndrome

• Centromere of Y chromosome in Turner's syndrome [17].
• Bone demineralization, biochemical indices of bone remodeling, and estrogen replacement therapy in adults with Turner's syndrome [18].
• An investigation of ring and dicentric chromosomes found in three Turner's syndrome patients using DNA analysis and in situ hybridisation with X and Y chromosome specific probes [19].
• Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors in adult Turner's syndrome. The impact of sex hormone replacement [13].
• Four cases of Turner's syndrome are presented in which an apparent X isochromosome i(Xq) has been found to possess two regions of centromeric heterochromatin [20].

Anatomical context of Turner Syndrome

• Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein and Turner's syndrome [21].
• Women with Turner's syndrome, the majority of whom are estrogen deficient, have an increased incidence of coronary artery disease [22].
• We conclude that in patients with Turner's syndrome there is an altered renal vitamin D metabolism in response to physiological stimulus, while osteoblast function in response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration is not affected [23].
• To overcome this obstacle, the authors applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of two female infants and 13 female fetuses whose phenotypic features suggested possible Turner's syndrome [24].
• Increased spontaneous as well as TNF-alpha-induced and CD95-mediated apoptosis were observed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the cord blood of a patient with Turner's syndrome as compared to normal cord blood [25].

Gene context of Turner Syndrome

• Plasma GH responses to GHRH, arginine, L-dopa, pyridostigmine, sequential administrations of GHRH and combined administration of PD and GHRH in Turner's syndrome [26].
• Plasma PRL levels after TRH in patients with Turner's syndrome were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in age-matched males, but were not significantly different from those in age-matched females [27].
• BACKGROUND: SHOX haplo-insufficiency is considered the molecular basis of short stature in patients with Turner's syndrome, and gives rise to the short stature with mesomelic dysplasia and Madelung deformity of patients with Leri-Weill syndrome [28].
• We have studied the course over age of fasting insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in untreated children with Turner's syndrome (TS) and measured the course of these parameters during therapy with GH alone and in combination with oxandrolone [29].
• Reports indicate that in plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are normal in patients with Turner's syndrome (TS) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Turner Syndrome

• A longitudinal study of the effect of subcutaneous estrogen replacement on bone in young women with Turner's syndrome [31].
• The overnight GH concentration was 3.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/L (mean +/- SD) in Turner's syndrome patients and 4.5 +/- 2.4 micrograms/L in the control group [32].
• We screened 53 individuals with Turner's syndrome for presence of sex-determining region Y (SRY), the testis-specific protein, Y encoded, gene, and the Y centromeric DYZ3 repeat using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [33].
• STUDY DESIGN: LV dimensions measured by echocardiography and systemic BP were assessed before and during 7 years of GH treatment in 68 girls with Turner's syndrome participating in a randomized dose-response study [5].
• Clinical trials of human GH (hGH) therapy in Turner's syndrome were started in 1986 [34].

References