Disease relevance of RPS4X

• Two genes with these properties are ZFX and RPS4X, both of which have been proposed to play a role in Turner's syndrome [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Scar endometrioma commonly presents as an abdominal mass with noncyclical symptoms [2].
• Linkage analysis using the polymorphic loci DXS369, DXS296, DXS297 and DXS306 was carried out on a cohort of 17 families segregating for fragile X syndrome [3].
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Scar sarcoidosis is a circumscribed form of cutaneous sarcoidosis, which is often very difficult to treat [4].
• In each image, myocardial segments were categorized based on the extent of infarction they contained, with 6 categories each for Percent Scar and Transmurality: normal, from healthy volunteers; and 0%; 1-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and > 76% from patients [5].

High impact information on RPS4X

• Here we show that the human Y- and X-encoded ribosomal proteins, RPS4Y and RPS4X, are interchangeable and provide an essential function: either protein rescued a mutant hamster cell line that was otherwise incapable of growth at modestly elevated temperatures [6].
• These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that RPS4 deficiency has a role in Turner syndrome, a complex human phenotype associated with monosomy X [6].
• RPS4X maps to the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq), where no other genes are known to escape X inactivation [7].
• We consider the possible role of RPS4 haploinsufficiency in the etiology of the Turner phenotype [7].
• Preincubating Scar and Arp2/3 complex with actin filaments overcomes the initial lag in polymerization, suggesting that efficient nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex requires assembly on the side of a preexisting filament-a dendritic nucleation mechanism [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of RPS4X

• METHODS: Scar volume was quantified using a validated three-dimensional speckle-pattern stereophotogrammetry before and for a minimum of 8 weeks after intralesional steroid therapy in 12 patients with keloid scars [9].

Biological context of RPS4X

• Transcription analysis revealed that, unlike most genes on the X chromosome, RPS4X is not dosage compensated [7].
• Two isoforms of the human ribosomal protein S4 gene, RPS4X and RPS4Y, are located on the X and Y chromosomes [10].
• For RPS4X, escape from X inactivation seems unique to primates [11].
• On the basis of the determined nucleotide sequence, the isolated human gene turned out to be the X chromosomal RPS4X encoding the ribosomal protein S4 [12].
• Since haploinsufficiency of one or several gene(s) is thought to cause the UTS phenotype, direct assessment of RPS4X expression levels in these patients should establish whether RPS4X is involved in UTS [13].

Anatomical context of RPS4X

• We have investigated fibroblasts of four 46,X,i(Xq) UTS patients with typical symptoms and a non-mosaic chromosome complement, and have found significantly increased RPS4X mRNA levels in all patients [13].
• The expression of three mouse X-chromosome genes, Rps4, Zfx, and Ube1 was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in heterozygous cultured cells from a cross of a laboratory mouse by Mus spretus, which were selected to uniformly express the X chromosome from the laboratory mouse parent [14].
• In this study, we investigate phylogenetic relationships within tree ferns based on analyses of four protein-coding, plastid loci (atpA, atpB, rbcL, and rps4) [15].
• Protein blot analysis revealed that RPS4 polypeptides are present in both rapeseed and rice mitochondria, whose sizes are in agreement with the molecular weights calculated from the non-spliced sequences [16].
• From this study of normal children and our subsequent experience with pediatric patients, we conclude that in a child an RPS 4 mm or wider is reliable evidence of disease affecting the trachea, mediastinum, or pleura [17].

Associations of RPS4X with chemical compounds

• A proline-rich domain in the middle of Scar enhances the activity of the W and A domains [8].
• BACKGROUND: Scar revision with CO2 and Er:YAG lasers has become popular in recent years [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Scar in the contralateral kidney seen on DMSA scan seems to predict contralateral reflux after unilateral antireflux surgery [19].

Other interactions of RPS4X

• These results demonstrate the existence of differences between human and mouse X inactivation, as the corresponding human genes, ZFX, RPS4X, and UBE1 escape X inactivation [20].
• We therefore assume that RPS4X is not the most prominent candidate gene for Turner syndrome [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RPS4X

• Molecular cloning of the human gene, CCG2, that complements the BHK-derived temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant tsBN63: identity of CCG2 with the human X chromosomal SCAR/RPS4X gene [12].
• Southern blot analysis showed that four of the seven clones originate from the human genome, three of these contain repeat sequences, and one, SCR10, is devoid of repeats [22].
• 8. Western blot analysis showed that rapidly proliferating cells overexpress the RPS4 protein in comparison with nonrecognized cell subsets [23].
• Although the Vancouver Scar Scale has been used as the standard for objective measurements, there are problems with both the validity and reliability of this instrument [24].
• An occupational therapist, blinded to the perfusion level, rated each scar using the Vancouver Scar Scale [25].

References