Disease relevance of Thromboembolism

• We have now completed a randomized trial comparing adjusted doses of heparin and of warfarin for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis [1].
• In a prospective study to determine the frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with intravenous heparin sodium of porcine gut origin, only four of 120 patients with suspected venous thromboembolism showed a depression of the platelet count to below 150 x 10(9)/L [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for 6.8 years with estrogen plus progestin in older women with coronary disease increased the rates of venous thromboembolism and biliary tract surgery [3].
• Thus, EO cationic proteins potently inhibit anticoagulant activities of the glycosylated form of TM, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism for thromboembolism in hypereosinophilic heart disease [4].
• RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSIS: The overall relative risk for efficacy (defined as prevention of extension and recurrence of venous thromboembolism) of subcutaneous compared with intravenous heparin treatment was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.98), whereas for safety (defined as major hemorrhage) it was 0.79 (CI, 0.42 to 1.48) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Thromboembolism

• Among many others, these include pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, heart failure, respiratory distress syndrome, tuberculosis, diabetes, dementia, alcohol and drug abuse, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, asthma, peptic ulcer, appendicitis, and cancers of the breast, colon and prostate [6].
• Medical therapies for transsexualism are associated with potentially serious complications, such as thromboembolism related to estrogen treatment and testosterone-induced hepatotoxicity [7].

High impact information on Thromboembolism

• CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture, fondaparinux was more effective than enoxaparin in preventing venous thromboembolism and equally safe [8].
• Incidence of cancer after prophylaxis with warfarin against recurrent venous thromboembolism. Duration of Anticoagulation Trial [9].
• BACKGROUND: A recently discovered mutation in coagulation factor V (Arg506-->Gln, referred to as factor V Leiden), which results in resistance to activated protein C, is found in approximately one fifth of patients with venous thromboembolism [10].
• Recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with a partial deficiency of protein S [11].
• Decreased platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time and resistance to thromboembolism in P2Y1-deficient mice [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thromboembolism

• Tamoxifen and thromboembolism [13].
• Thus, cPLA(2)alpha plays a discrete role in the collagen-stimulated production of TX and its inhibition has a therapeutic potential against thromboembolism, with potentially limited bleeding expected [14].
• Although FXII-deficient mice do not experience spontaneous or excessive injury-related bleeding, they are protected against collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism [15].
• To resolve questions of drug actions, efficacy, and interactions for platelet-modifying agents used clinically, we have compared the relative capacities and mechanisms of aspirin, dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone, and dazoxiben to prevent arterial thromboembolism in a baboon model [16].
• BACKGROUND: Four studies published since December, 1995, reported that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was higher in women who used oral contraceptives (OCs) containing the third-generation progestagens gestodene or desogestrel than in users of OCs containing second-generation progestagens [17].

Biological context of Thromboembolism

• METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in conjunction with the use of compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective neurosurgery [18].
• Furthermore, the association between concentrations of methylfolate in red-blood cells and risk of thromboembolism varied according to MTHFR C677T genotype [19].
• Here, we show that deletion of the alpha subunit of G(z) in mice: (i) impairs platelet aggregation by preventing the inhibition of cAMP formation normally seen at physiologic concentrations of epinephrine, and (ii) causes the mice to be more resistant to fatal thromboembolism [20].
• BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether the true risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis who are treated with continuous intravenous heparin and fail to reach a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) within 24 to 48 hours of initiation of treatment [21].
• Adjusted subcutaneous heparin was used for thromboembolism prophylaxis during 18 pregnancies in 16 women with an artificial heart valve [22].

Anatomical context of Thromboembolism

• Hospitalizations for patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing noncardiac surgery are frequently prolonged for intravenous heparin therapy to decrease the incidence of thromboembolism while patients are not taking oral anticoagulant agents [23].
• Red blood cell methylfolate and plasma homocysteine as risk factors for venous thromboembolism: a matched case-control study [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: Low-molecular-weight heparin is safe and effective in the prevention of thromboembolism in selected patients with spinal cord injury and complete motor paralysis, and is superior to standard heparin in fixed doses of 5000 units three times a day [24].
• After mitral valve replacement, no single treatment was most advantageous because the rate of hemorrhage over the first 90 days for warfarin was equivalent to the 90-day rate of thromboembolism with aspirin or no therapy [25].
• SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In two pooled population-based cohort studies, we measured levels of factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count, in samples obtained from 19,237 adults with no baseline history of venous thromboembolism, cancer, or warfarin use [26].

Gene context of Thromboembolism

• These results suggest that alpha 2AP may play an important role in thrombus resistance in patients with venous thromboembolism [27].
• Resistance to thromboembolism in PI3Kgamma-deficient mice [28].
• Risk of venous thromboembolism and clinical manifestations in carriers of antithrombin, protein C, protein S deficiency, or activated protein C resistance: a multicenter collaborative family study [29].
• High factor VIII (FVIII) levels in venous thromboembolism: role of unbound FVIII [30].
• We evaluated whether low TFPI confers an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thromboembolism

• Enoxaparin as prophylaxis against thromboembolism after total hip replacement [32].
• Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin [33].
• Decisions about whether to screen for the mutation will depend on the results of clinical trials designed to evaluate the benefit-to-risk ratio of long-term anticoagulation in the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with resistance to activated protein C [34].
• Recurrence of venous thromboembolism after treatment with unfractionated heparin [35].
• We observed that platelets obtained from mice in which the P-12LO gene has been disrupted by gene targeting (P-12LO-/-) exhibit a selective hypersensitivity to ADP, manifested as a marked increase in slope and percent aggregation in ex vivo assays and increased mortality in an ADP-induced mouse model of thromboembolism [36].

References