Disease relevance of CA5A

• Case 3-1981: leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava [1].
• Letter: Thrombosis of the renal veins and vena cava [2].
• A dissecting aneurysm of the aorta led to formation of a fistula from the aneurysmal sac to the left atrium and caused obstruction of the superior vena cava [3].
• Massive dilation of the inferior vena cava. Association with tricuspid regurgitation [4].
• A case of fatal cardiac tamponade caused by superior vena cava perforation complicating left internal jugular vein catheterization and infusion is reported [5].

Psychiatry related information on CA5A

• CONCLUSIONS: These wide range differences and confidence limits would lead to large errors if superior vena cava or right atrial oxyhemoglobin saturations were substituted for true mixed venous blood in oxygen transport or pulmonary venous admixture calculations, or if clinical decision making was based on individual results [6].
• The first patient CAV, studied and described in the literature by Warrington in 1981, presented with unusual concrete word dyslexia, i.e., he had a category-specific reading deficit for concrete words compared with abstract words [7].
• The rats with hyperdipsia induced by lesion of the SA drank more water than either normal rats or SFO-lesioned animals under the same thirst-eliciting or angiotensin-liberating stimuli (polyethyleneglycol, isoproterenol, water deprivation and ligation of the inferior vena cava) [8].
• MR has a problem-solving role, and conventional venography is now limited to specific scenarios including evaluation of central DVT in the upper extremities, as a prelude to intervention for thrombolysis/thrombectomy, and prior to placement of an inferior vena cava filter [9].

High impact information on CA5A

• Images in clinical medicine. Renal-cell carcinoma extending into the vena cava and right side of the heart [10].
• The stent shunt was successfully placed in all patients and reduced the pressure gradient between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava by an average of 63 percent [11].
• Three adults have had life-threatening perforations of the vena cava or right atrium associated with the use of subclavian hemodialysis catheters [12].
• Inferior vena cava obstruction in Whipple disease. Association with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy [13].
• Thrombosis of the renal veins and vena cava. Occurrence in morbid obesity [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of CA5A

• In patients with an adenoma the contralateral adrenal gland was always suppressed, as indicated by a ratio which was less than that seen in the lower inferior vena cava, whereas in patients with hyperplasia the adrenal-vein aldosterone/cortisol concentration ratio from each adrenal was always greater than that seen in the lower inferior vena cava [15].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Paradoxic bradycardia was induced in rats by inferior vena cava occlusion during an isoproterenol infusion [16].
• We studied whether dipyridamole, an adenosine transport inhibitor, and aminophylline (nonselective) or DPCPX (selective) A1 antagonists augmented or inhibited paradoxic bradycardia, respectively, during inferior vena cava occlusion [16].
• In this randomized study involving patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCC), we compared treatment with either cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV) or CAV plus etoposide (CAVE) [17].
• The regimen of cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) was designed to double the dose intensity of these drugs in comparison with a standard regimen (alternating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine [CAV] and etoposide-cisplatin [EP]) for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) [18].

Biological context of CA5A

• FISH analysis allowed CA5 to be assigned to chromosome 16q24 [19].
• CA5 also contains a 12-bp GT-rich segment beginning 13 bp downstream of the polyadenylation signal in the 3' untranslated region of exon 7 [19].
• The CA V gene (CA5) is approximately 50 kb long and contains 7 exons and 6 introns [19].
• Like the CA VII gene, CA5 does not contain typical TATA and CAAT promoter elements in the 5' flanking region but does contain a TTTAA sequence 147 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon [19].
• I suggest that a Valsalva manoeuvre, blocking venous return through the superior vena cava, may allow brief retrograde transmission of high venous pressure from the arms to the cerebral venous system, resulting in venous ischaemia to the diencephalon or mesial temporal lobes and to TGA [20].

Anatomical context of CA5A

• IL-1-induced cGMP was also NO independent in human umbilical artery VSMC, and NO dependent in rat vena cava VSMC [21].
• Monoclonal B2.12, but not B59.2, binds to cultured human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical vein, internal iliac artery, and inferior vena cava [22].
• Furthermore, experimental connection of the common bile duct to the vena cava is followed after a few hours by the appearance of LP-X-like material in the plasma [23].
• The catheter introduced into the inferior vena cava opacified a large opening of this shunt below the right and left hepatic vein openings [24].
• Postmortem examination showed myxoid intimal proliferation involving the hepatic, portal and femoral veins, and the inferior vena cava at the level of the stenosis [25].

Associations of CA5A with chemical compounds

• Between September, 1992, and August, 1995, 339 patients were randomly allocated four cycles of 50 mg oral etoposide twice daily for 10 days (171 patients) or a standard intravenous regimen of etoposide and vincristine (EV), or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV, 168 controls) [26].
• In patients receiving a 100-micrograms bolus and a 100-micrograms/h infusion, heart rate, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance showed no significant changes, whereas right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and inferior vena cava pressure decreased significantly after octreotide infusion compared with basal values [27].
• We showed, with use of fluorescein retinal angiography, that during retrograde cerebral perfusion, fluorescein injected into the superior vena cava entered the retinal venules, flowed to the capillaries, and subsequently, to the retinal arterioles [28].
• Vasodepressor reaction induced by inferior vena cava occlusion and isoproterenol in the rat. Role of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors [29].
• Preload was transiently reduced by 30% using balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and afterload impedance was lowered by 50%, induced by a bolus injection of nitroglycerin [30].

Other interactions of CA5A

• Genomic organization of the human gene (CA5) and pseudogene for mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V and their localization to chromosomes 16q and 16p [19].
• Similar to CA VA, CA VB is a "low activity" enzyme with a sensitivity to acetazolamide [31].
• Kinetic parameters proved it to be 3.37 times more effective than hCA VA as a catalyst for the physiological reaction, with kcat = 9.5 x 10(5) s(-1) and kcat/K(M) = 9.8 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), being second only to hCA II among the 16 isoforms presently known in humans [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CA5A

• Therapeutic balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava [33].
• Evaluation by arteriography, venography, and computed tomography revealed compression and venous obstruction at the confluence of the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava [34].
• After an initial course of chemotherapy, the primary tumor was excised and, using cardiopulmonary bypass, the tumor thrombus was removed from the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins [35].
• Retrograde cerebral perfusion via the superior vena cava during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest has evolved as a means of cerebral protection in aortic-arch surgery [28].
• In some cases, patency or occlusion of the upper portion of the inferior vena cava were difficult to identify with real-time ultrasonography [36].

References