Disease relevance of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• Adenovirus type 12-induced fragility of the human RNU2 locus requires U2 small nuclear RNA transcriptional regulatory elements [1].
• A transcriptional regulatory element is associated with a nuclease-hypersensitive site in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [2].
• BACKGROUND: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation present in the majority of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) places the cyclin D1 gene under the control of immunoglobulin transcriptional regulatory elements, causing overexpression of cyclin D1 [3].
• Abnormal IL-4 gene expression by atopic dermatitis T lymphocytes is reflected in altered nuclear protein interactions with IL-4 transcriptional regulatory element [4].
• To clarify the mechanisms regulating cyclin D1 gene expression, we isolated the rat cyclin D1 gene and analyzed the transcriptional regulatory elements in rat hepatoma cells and primary cultured rat hepatocytes [5].

High impact information on Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• The identical expression during development of the 3'-most genes in the cluster, Igf2 and H19, led to the proposal that their imprinting was mechanistically linked through a common set of transcriptional regulatory elements [6].
• The beta-galactosidase reporter gene in this construct is influenced by a wide range of genomic transcriptional regulatory elements in its vicinity [7].
• A strong transcriptional regulatory element (H2DRE) was identified when a fragment spanning the second exon and second intron was used to activate transient expression of the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in mouse Ltk- or NIH3T3 fibroblasts [8].
• Expression is controlled with transcriptional regulatory elements present in the 5' flanking DNA of the Drosophila Na(+), K(+)-ATPase beta-subunit gene Nervana2 (Nrv2) [9].
• Embryonic stem (ES) cells (129/Sv origin) are initially transfected with recombinant DNAs consisting of a reporter of interest linked to transcriptional regulatory elements that control the cell lineage-specific, differentiation-dependent, and axial patterns of expression of fatty acid binding protein genes in the gut [10].

Biological context of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• Similar minienhancer constructs from the insulin and IAPP genes function as cell-specific transcriptional regulatory elements and compete for binding of the same nuclear factors, while the beta GK construct competes for protein binding but functions poorly as a minienhancer [11].
• We have used a comparative genomics approach to identify transcriptional regulatory elements of the LMO2 gene, a transcriptional cofactor originally identified through its involvement in T-cell leukemia and subsequently shown to be critical for normal hematopoietic and endothelial development [12].
• Our results demonstrate that a transcriptional regulatory element involved in lymphoid-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes and in S-phase-specific activation of mammalian H2B histone genes can activate transcription in nondividing amphibian oocytes [13].
• Because AFP gene expression is tightly regulated at the level of transcription, AFP transcriptional regulatory elements (TRE) are excellent candidates for generating HCC-specific oncolytic adenoviruses [14].
• These results indicate that the transcriptional regulatory elements of Csx/Nkx 2.5 seems unexpectedly highly modular, and is temporally regulated in a dynamic manner by different enhancer regions [15].

Anatomical context of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• To identify elements within the U2 repeat unit that are required for virally induced fragility, we generated cell lines containing artificial tandem arrays of the entire 5.8-kb repeat unit, an 834-bp fragment spanning the U2 gene alone, or the same 834-bp fragment from which key U2 transcriptional regulatory elements had been deleted [1].
• To gain insight into the regulatory mechanism(s) that govern the expression of the fgfr3 gene in chondrocytes, we have identified a cell-specific transcriptional regulatory element (CSRh) by measuring the activity of various promoter fragments in FGFR3-expressing (CFK2) and nonexpressing (RCJ) chondrocyte-like cell lines [16].
• These results show that, similar to most cytoplasmic intermediate filament genes, transcriptional regulatory elements in the promoters of the human nuclear lamin A/C and B1 genes do not control their cell type-specific expression in culture lines [17].
• These results explain the circadian rhythm of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the rat pineal gland and suggest that the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase expression by cyclic AMP occurs probably either at the translational level or via transient expression of a transcriptional regulatory element [18].
• Moreover, a transgenic mouse line expressing the GFP marker under the control of the Sca-1 transcriptional regulatory elements (GFP expression marks all HSCs) shows a clear localization of GFP-expressing cells to the endothelial cell layer of the dorsal aorta [19].

Associations of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional with chemical compounds

• On the other hand, DMSO induction of MEL cells leads to the formation of specific nuclear factor-DNA complexes at several transcriptional regulatory elements of the mouse beta maj globin upstream promoter [20].
• Luciferase reporter constructs with alterations in presumptive cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements demonstrate that the cyclic AMP-response element and two nuclear factor interleukin-6 (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)) sites of the COX-2 promoter are required for optimal endotoxin-dependent induction [21].
• Intron 1 sequence and sequences similar to intron 1 element located in exon 1 function as transcriptional regulatory elements that confer hormonal inducibility to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression both independently and in context of 5'-flanking sequences [22].
• Identification of positive and negative transcriptional regulatory elements of the rabbit angiotensin-converting enzyme gene [23].
• As an initial step in determining the role of transcriptional regulation in the production of apo CIII and in triglyceride metabolism, we have begun to characterize the activity of specific transcriptional regulatory elements in the CIII promoter [24].

Gene context of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• To identify possible features of the BRCA1 genomic region that may contribute to chromosomal instability as well as potential transcriptional regulatory elements, a 117,143-bp DNA sequence encompassing BRCA1 was obtained by random sequencing of four cosmids identified from a human chromosome 17 specific library [25].
• The P element shows sequence similarity to a yeast DNA transcriptional regulatory element, GCN4, that controls transcription of genes that code for amino acid biosynthetic enzymes [26].
• We sought to identify and characterize the transcriptional regulatory elements in the promoter region of the human STAT4 gene [27].
• Ad12-induced fragility of the RNU2 locus requires U2 snRNA transcriptional regulatory elements and viral early functions but not viral replication or integration, or chromosomal sequences flanking the RNU2 locus [28].
• Use of transcriptional regulatory elements of the MUC1 and ERBB2 genes to drive tumour-selective expression of a prodrug activating enzyme [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

• Sequence analysis of the catfish JH-CH intron suggests that several sequences are present which appear similar to important transcriptional regulatory elements found within JH-CH introns of higher vertebrates [30].

References