Disease relevance of Auditory Pathways

• Igf-1(-/-) mice also present a delayed response to acoustic stimuli; this increases along the auditory pathway, indicating a contribution of the central nervous system to the hearing loss in Igf-1(-/-) mice [1].
• One hundred and fifty-one children had conductive hearing loss, 75 sensorineural, 7 had ABR indicating disorders of the central auditory pathways, 5 were normal [2].

High impact information on Auditory Pathways

• At the endbulb of Held, a fast central calyceal synapse in the auditory pathway, cyclothiazide (CTZ) abolished marked paired pulse depression (PPD) by acting presynaptically to enhance transmitter release, rather than by blocking postsynaptic receptor desensitization [3].
• Eight autistic children (and no control subjects) had ABR transmission time values 3 SDs beyond the normal mean, suggesting auditory processing defects peripheral to or within the brainstem auditory pathway [4].
• KCNQ4 is also expressed in neurons of many, but not all, nuclei of the central auditory pathway, and is absent from most other brain regions [5].
• D2 mRNA concentration was increased severalfold over normal levels in relay nuclei and cortical targets of the primary somatosensory and auditory pathways [6].
• Thus, the ability of 5-HT to modulate glutamatergic activity in auditory pathways to the amygdala is dependent on the presence of CORT and possibly glucocorticoid activation [7].

Biological context of Auditory Pathways

• The thyroid hormone-dependent commencement of nerve conduction is discussed in connection with the patterning refinement of central auditory pathways and the acquisition of deafness [8].
• The results show that halothane and enflurane delay neural transmission along the brainstem and cortical sections of the auditory pathway and that the effects of these agents are approximately related to their known anaesthetic potencies [9].
• This study suggests that the click-evoked brainstem auditory response is a useful means of monitoring the integrity of the ascending auditory pathway during neurosurgical procedures as the wave form and latencies of the component peaks are not affected by a variety of parenteral and inhalation anesthetic agents [10].
• Effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OX) on brainstem and middle latency auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP and MAEP), reflecting early sensory processing within the specific auditory pathways and primary auditory cortex, were investigated [11].
• The finding of the present study that two benzodiazepines (clonazepam and diazepam) have remarkably different effects on evoked potentials, which reflects both input to the IC and postsynaptic events in the IC neurons, suggests heterogenicity of the GABAA receptor from one structure to another in the ascending auditory pathway [12].

Anatomical context of Auditory Pathways

• KCNQ4, a K+ channel mutated in a form of dominant deafness, is expressed in the inner ear and the central auditory pathway [5].
• In the barn owl, calbindin-like immunoreactivity was found to be selectively present in brain stem auditory pathways used to process interaural time differences, but was absent from the interaural intensity pathway [13].
• Visual projections induced into the auditory pathway of ferrets. I. Novel inputs to primary auditory cortex (AI) from the LP/pulvinar complex and the topography of the MGN-AI projection [14].
• Because the changes that occurred in group D involved all four major waves, it is not possible to separate out a toxic effect of bilirubin, localized to the auditory nerve and the auditory pathway, from a generalized systemic effect which could cause attenuation of the entire response [15].
• Seven essentially healthy term infants who received gentamicin starting on the 1st day of life for prolonged rupture of membranes and maternal fever were compared with nine healthy term infants to determine whether this drug induces alterations in the auditory pathway [16].

Associations of Auditory Pathways with chemical compounds

• Latencies of components III and V, interval I-III, and interval I-V were significantly prolonged in the gentamicin group, indicating impairment of the central component of the auditory pathway [16].
• Tonotopic organization in the central auditory pathway of the Mongolian gerbil: a 2-deoxyglucose study [17].
• These observations indicate that GABA systems are involved in function at all levels of the brainstem auditory pathway [18].
• Quantitative autoradiographic techniques were used to compare the distribution of GABAA, GABAB, and glycine receptors in the subcortical auditory pathway of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus [19].
• Phasic activity induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in the auditory pathway [20].

Gene context of Auditory Pathways

• These results are consistent with the pattern of expression of PMP22 in the peripheral portion of the eighth nerve (myelinated by Schwann cells) and of connexin32 in the central portion in the brainstem auditory pathways (myelinated by oligodendrocytes) [21].
• Regulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ4 in the auditory pathway [22].
• In the present study, FGF-2 immunoreactivity was analyzed in the auditory pathways of the adult rat, employing a well-characterized polyclonal antibody against FGF-2 [23].
• The presence of 5-HTT-IR in neurons located in the VCN indicates a regional expression of the 5-HTT that is related to the ascending auditory pathway [24].
• Anti-aromatase, but not anti-AR, labeled fiber tracts and fibrous layers in visual and auditory pathways, and perikarya and processes of premotor neurons known to integrate sensory input (reticulospinal neurons, Mauthner cells) [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Auditory Pathways

• As an animal model, ASA(-/-) mice have previously been generated by disruption of the ASA gene and are known to develop lysosomal sulfatide storage similar to that in human MLD, and, moreover, to become deaf because of degeneration of the primary neurons of the auditory pathway [26].
• The activation of the central auditory pathway by the prosthesis was demonstrated using the 2-deoxyglucose technique [27].

References