Disease relevance of Auditory Cortex

• In a global model of brain ischemia, accumulation of amino acids was studied in the extracellular space of the auditory cortex and the internal capsule using microdialysis, and in CSF of halothane anesthetized cats [1].
• Neural substrates for tone-conditioned bradycardia demonstrated with 2-deoxyglucose. II. Auditory cortex plasticity [2].
• Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase) we have investigated the influence of intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid (KA), hypoxia and combination of both these factors on neurons of the hippocampus and on the primary auditory cortex (PAC) in male rats of the Wistar strain [3].
• Changes in spontaneous activity, recorded over 15-min periods before, immediately after and within hours after an acute acoustic trauma, were studied in primary auditory cortex of ketamine-anesthetized cats [4].
• In order to assess central auditory system changes in temporal resolution, we investigated the effect of an acute hearing loss on the representation of a voice onset time (VOT) and gap-duration continuum in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the ketamine-anesthetized cat [5].

Psychiatry related information on Auditory Cortex

• An investigation of the role of auditory cortex in sound localization using muscimol-releasing Elvax [6].
• Classical conditioning produces frequency-specific plasticity of receptive fields (RFs) of single neurons in cat auditory cortex (Diamond & Weinberger, 1986) [7].
• In terms of neuroimaging, we observed an activation increase in the left posterior primary and secondary auditory cortex, namely Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale encroaching onto the superior temporal sulcus, reflecting a shift from auditory to speech perception [8].
• Hemodynamic responses in the auditory cortex comprising the planum temporale, planum polare and sulcus temporalis superior significantly decreased during training only for the T+ group [9].
• The MMN, an objective measure of the automatic change detection in auditory cortex, was used to evaluate long-term learning effects on pre-attentive processing during wakefulness and REM sleep [10].

High impact information on Auditory Cortex

• In the primary auditory cortex (AI) dopamine release has been observed during auditory learning that remodels the sound-frequency representations [11].
• The auditory stimulus, which consisted of a monaurally presented factual story caused an increase in glucose metabolism in the auditory cortex in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear [12].
• Auditory cortex cheers the overture and listens through the finale [13].
• This study provides in vivo evidence that experience-dependent plasticity, evident in hemodynamic changes in human auditory cortex, is modulated by acetylcholine [14].
• Thus, altered stimulation of nAChRs by CNE during week 2, but not before or after, disrupts the development of glutamate synapses in rat auditory cortex [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Auditory Cortex

• RESULTS: Glucose metabolism in the auditory cortex of tinnitus patients was asymmetric between the left and right auditory cortices, with that of the left being much higher than that of the right [16].

Biological context of Auditory Cortex

• Feature-specific stimulus discrimination related to short-term auditory sensory memory can be studied electrophysiologically using a specific event-related potential (ERP) component termed mismatch negativity (MMN), which is generated in the auditory cortex, indexing automatic comparison of the existing memory trace to incoming novel stimuli [17].
• OBJECTIVE: To study activity of auditory cortex reflected by the N100 and P200 components of the auditory evoked potentials during memorization and scanning of short-term memory stores [18].
• Neuroplasticity of auditory cortex after stape surgery for otosclerosis: a magnetoencephalographic study [19].
• We analysed the differentiation and areal distribution of Cajal-Retzius (C-R) cells in the human auditory cortex using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) technique on specimens ranging between 10 weeks of gestation (w.) and the 3rd postnatal month [20].

Anatomical context of Auditory Cortex

• In humans, functional imaging studies have shown that sound movement in the horizontal plane activates brain areas distinct from the primary auditory cortex, in parietal and frontal lobes and in the planum temporale [21].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex in subjects with IDDM [22].
• In the present study, anatomical projections from the medial geniculate body (MGB) to primary auditory cortex (AI) were investigated in normal adult cats and in animals that were neonatally deafened with the ototoxic drug amikacin [23].
• Multiple-unit responses to the acoustic CS+ were significantly enhanced in the auditory cortex, cochlear nucleus, and somatic cortex, but not in the cuneate nucleus [24].
• Neurons and axon terminals (puncta) immunostained by an antibody against glutamic acid decarboxylase were studied in layer I of adult rats in architectonically identified area 41 of auditory cortex [25].

Associations of Auditory Cortex with chemical compounds

• Kainic acid lesions of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus: effects on binaural evoked responses in rat auditory cortex [26].
• While studying single trial variability and state-dependent modulation of evoked responses in auditory cortex of ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized rats, we have observed an apparent violation of this model [27].
• OXO-induced LCGU increases were not influenced by methylatropine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but were antagonized completely by scopolamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Scopolamine reduced LCGU in layer IV of the auditory cortex and in the retrosplenial cortex [28].
• In contrast, the imagery condition elicited bilateral hemodynamic responses only in the secondary auditory cortex (including the planum temporale) [29].
• CS animals demonstrated significantly greater, fear-enhanced increases in CBF-TR in auditory cortex than controls [30].

Gene context of Auditory Cortex

• Early chronic blockade of NR2B subunits and transient activation of NMDA receptors modulate LTP in mouse auditory cortex [31].
• In the auditory cortex, the properties of NMDA receptors depend primarily on the ratio of NR2A and NR2B subunits [31].
• In auditory cortex, NR2A mRNA expression is initially weak but increases rapidly over approximately 2 weeks [32].
• Postnatal development of NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression in rat auditory cortex and thalamus [32].
• Calbindin immunoreactivity in auditory cortex was less clearly divided along primary/secondary lines, especially in supragranular layers [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Auditory Cortex

• Long-term cortical plasticity evoked by electric stimulation and acetylcholine applied to the auditory cortex [34].
• This result validates the experimental procedures for simultaneous ERP/fMRI of the auditory cortex [35].
• Single-unit responses to tone pip stimuli were isolated from numerous microelectrode penetrations of core primary auditory cortex (AI) and a dorsocaudal (DC) belt region in the ketamine-anesthetized chinchilla (laniger) [36].
• Responses of single delay-tuned neurons in the FM-FM area of the auditory cortex were recorded with a tungsten-wire microelectrode, and the effects of iontophoretic microinjections of strychnine (STR) and/or bicuculline methiodide (BMI) into the ALD were examined on the responses of these neurons [37].
• In contrast to electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potentials (ERP), this technique separately measures neuronal activity of left and right auditory cortex [38].

References