Disease relevance of Carcinoma, Papillary

• Immunohistochemistry analysis found TRPS-1 protein expressed in >90% of early- and late-stage breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal, lobular, and papillary carcinomas [1].
• RET mutations are associated with several human neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases, including thyroid papillary carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes, and Hirschsprung's disease [2].
• This concept was confirmed by in situ hybridization studies with a probe showing that substantial variant CD44 mRNA is located in the urothelium in papillary carcinomas but is absent from deeply invasive carcinomas [3].
• Chimeric RET/PTC (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinoma) oncoproteins are constitutively active tyrosine kinases found in thyroid papillary carcinoma and nonneoplastic Hashimoto's thyroiditis [4].
• Pendrin was increased 2-fold in toxic adenomas, was not significantly altered in follicular adenoma, and was decreased, on the average, by 35% in papillary carcinomas compared with levels in paired normal tissue [5].

High impact information on Carcinoma, Papillary

• Moreover, the transcript coded for by the fused gene was detected in an additional PTC-positive human papillary carcinoma for which mRNA was available [6].
• PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas [6].
• A new mechanism of BRAF activation in human thyroid papillary carcinomas [7].
• In thyroid papillary carcinomas, mutations of genes coding for effectors along the MAPK pathway are central for transformation [8].
• Northern blot analysis revealed a 2.8-fold increase in the level of NIS mRNA in specimens with papillary carcinoma versus specimens with normal thyroid [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carcinoma, Papillary

• Gene rearrangements juxtaposing the tyrosine kinase domain to heterologous gene partners have been found in sporadic papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PTC) [10].
• Different localization patterns of UPs could be distinguished, including superficial membrane staining like that found in normal umbrella cells (in papillary carcinoma), luminal (microluminal) membrane staining (in papillary and invasive carcinoma), and, against expectations, peripheral membrane staining (in invasive carcinoma) [11].
• Papillary carcinomas formed a tightly clustered group, as did tumors arising from the distal nephron and the normal kidney samples [12].
• In a papillary carcinoma, the efflux of radioactive iodide appeared markedly enhanced [13].
• One of 15 papillary carcinomas had a ras mutation (H-ras 12, Gly to Ser) [14].

Biological context of Carcinoma, Papillary

• The AKAP9-BRAF fusion was preferentially found in radiation-induced papillary carcinomas developing after a short latency, whereas BRAF point mutations were absent in this group [8].
• Cytogenetic studies have shown frequent clonal abnormalities in papillary carcinoma (PTC) and follicular carcinoma (FTC) [15].
• The RET/PTC3 oncogene: metastatic solid-type papillary carcinomas in murine thyroids [16].
• Increased expression of Met protein is associated with up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in tumour cells in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid [17].
• Southern-blot study showed no gene amplification or major translocation of the CD26 gene in 7 papillary carcinomas examined [18].

Anatomical context of Carcinoma, Papillary

• Overexpression of Met protein in thyroid papillary carcinoma may result in increased motility of tumour cells, which in turn may account for intraglandular multifocal dissemination and early lymph node metastasis [19].
• In vitro hK6 secretion was detected in all primary USPC cell lines tested (mean, 11.5 microg/L) and the secretion levels were similar to those found in primary ovarian serous papillary carcinoma cultures (mean, 9.6 microg/L) [20].
• Immunohistochemical studies on papillary carcinomas revealed increased CB staining in papillary carcinoma cells, with prominent staining close to the basement membranes of many of the neoplastic cells [21].
• Tumor cell GLUT1 staining was seen in two patterns: circumferential plasma membrane staining focally within the tumor, or asymmetric staining of the basilar aspect of tumor cells adjacent to stroma in some cases of papillary carcinoma [22].
• STUDY DESIGN: Serial sections of 15 specimens of resected papillary carcinoma of the bile duct were histologically examined to determine mode of spread, possibility of multicentric tumor origins, and coincidence with other neoplastic lesions [23].

Gene context of Carcinoma, Papillary

• A significant increase was observed in flt-1 (P < 0.001), KDR (P = 0.02), and flt-4 (P = 0.01) but not VEGF-B (P = 0.82) or VEGF-C (P = 0.52) expression in clear cell compared with chromophil (papillary) carcinomas [24].
• NRAS mutation was observed in six cases (6%), all in histological types other than papillary carcinoma, and was exclusively Q61R [25].
• Cytoplasmic localization of beta-catenin significantly correlated with overexpression of cyclin D1 in papillary carcinomas [26].
• These results suggest that strong suppression of TPO mRNA transcription causes low TPO activity in papillary carcinoma; immunohistochemical loss of TPO may be a useful diagnostic marker [27].
• Met protein, the high affinity HGF-receptor, is overexpressed in a large proportion of cases of papillary carcinoma [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carcinoma, Papillary

• Accurate and objective preoperative diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinomas by reverse transcription-PCR detection of oncofetal fibronectin messenger RNA in fine-needle aspiration biopsies [29].
• In papillary carcinomas (n = 23), E-cadherin mRNA levels varied from nearly normal to highly reduced, which roughly correlated with the overall immunofluorescence intensity [30].
• Here we demonstrate, by using a combined immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based approach, that RET/PTC activation is present in 11 out of 26 occult thyroid papillary carcinomas analysed [31].
• We conclude that papillary carcinoma of the thyroid should be included in the differential diagnoses for a mucin-producing metastatic carcinoma [32].
• A prospective European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group randomized trial comparing transurethral resection followed by a single intravesical instillation of epirubicin or water in single stage Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder [33].

References