Disease relevance of Uterine Hemorrhage

• Treatment with ultralow-dose estradiol did not cause breast tenderness, uterine bleeding, or other symptoms often attributed to estrogen, but vaginal discharge was more common in women who received estradiol compared with those who received placebo [1].
• Sufficient circulating levels of the biologically active estrogen estradiol can be produced as a result of extraglandular aromatization of androstenedione to estrone that is subsequently reduced to estradiol in peripheral tissues to cause uterine bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in obese anovulatory or postmenopausal women [2].
• Immunohistochemistry revealed menstrual cycle-specific regulation of FGFR1 protein in the endometrial stroma of normal women but not in women with leiomyomas and abnormal uterine bleeding [3].
• Excess uterine size, theca lutein cysts, uterine bleeding, and histologic trophoblastic hyperplasia were relative discriminators of the need for chemotherapy [4].
• The GC positivity rates which were significantly higher than expected were found in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis, as well as acute PID [5].

High impact information on Uterine Hemorrhage

• Uterine bleeding, and hence the diagnosis of otherwise asymptomatic cancer, cannot be attributed to estrogen use that ceased in the distant past [6].
• Women on chronic tamoxifen therapy should have routine annual gynecologic examinations and receive endometrial sampling only in the event of uterine bleeding [7].
• Abnormal uterine bleeding during progestin-only contraception may result from free radical-induced alterations in angiopoietin expression [8].
• Abnormal uterine bleeding after Norplant administration is primarily responsible for the high discontinuation rate of this safe and effective long-acting implantable progestin-only contraceptive agent [9].
• A modest rebound in TF mRNA and protein expression was observed after 12 months of Norplant therapy, which occurred commensurate with reduced patient complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Uterine Hemorrhage

• Collapse of the dominant follicle was evident on ultrasound after RU486 administration and was not accompanied by uterine bleeding [11].
• Corpus luteum rescue with incremental doses of hCG did not prevent uterine bleeding after RU486 treatment [12].
• These values also correlate well with values for the apparent rate of production of estrone in our 9 patients and also in 5 postomenopausal patients with uterine bleeding reported in the literature, but no such correlation is evident for postmenopausal women without endometrial abnormality reported in the literature [13].
• The results indicate that an increased local production of prostacyclin (PGI2) relative to thromboxane A2 at the time of menstruation could contribute to the mechanism of uterine bleeding [14].
• Tibolone was effective in the treatment of climacteric symptoms, and only 8.7% of the participants presented uterine bleeding during treatment [15].

Biological context of Uterine Hemorrhage

• Among postmenarchial monkeys manifesting five or fewer episodes of overt uterine bleeding, no ovulations were detected despite estradiol elevations similar to those of adults in the midfollicular phase [16].
• Intermittent LHRH agonist administration for 21 days avoided constant down-regulation of the pituitary-ovarian axis and allowed regular uterine bleeding [17].
• Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-26 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -4 in endometrium throughout the normal menstrual cycle and alteration in users of levonorgestrel implants who experience irregular uterine bleeding [18].
• In the E2 and progesterone group, the endometrial histology became completely quiescent and there was no uterine bleeding after 6 months of observation [19].
• Since TF and PAI-1 promote hemostasis by complementary mechanisms, our findings account for the reduced occurrence of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with tibolone therapy [20].

Anatomical context of Uterine Hemorrhage

• The role of matrix metalloproteinases and leukocytes in abnormal uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives [21].
• RESULTS: In 17 patients (94.4%) bleeding ceased within several minutes of initiation of intrauterine prostaglandin F2-alpha infusion, the uterus was firmly contracted and uterine bleeding did not recur [22].

Gene context of Uterine Hemorrhage

• Women with leiomyoma-related abnormal uterine bleeding have local dysregulation of bFGF and its type 1 receptor (FGF-R) [23].
• In the endometrium obtained from postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (before HRT), expression of IGFBP-1 was undetectable, whereas PR expression was abundant [24].
• Antiprogestins, progesterone receptor modulators and iNOS inhibitors may find applications in the treatment and prevention of abnormal uterine bleeding [25].
• Expression of MMP-26 is elevated in users of levonorgestrel implants who experienced irregular uterine bleeding [18].
• Role of EBAF/Lefty in implantation and uterine bleeding [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Uterine Hemorrhage

• OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to assess the changes in uterine volume and uterine artery pulsatility index in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in women undergoing hysterectomy for nonfibroid-related uterine bleeding [27].
• Acceptability and patterns of uterine bleeding in sequential trimegestone-based hormone replacement therapy: a dose-ranging study [28].
• Iatrogenic causes of abnormal uterine bleeding include sex steroids, hypothalamic depressants, digitalis, phenytoin, anticoagulants, and intrauterine contraceptive devices [29].
• The occurrence of uterine bleeding following administration of Metyrapone in cases of secondary amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea led the authors to measure pituitary, gonadal and adrenal hormone levels, before and after the oral administration of this drug in sixteen patients, in an attempt to provide an interpretation of this phenomenon [30].
• In a pilot study 12 women with severe uterine bleeding received an intravenous injection of 0.2 mg of a vasopressin hormonogen, glypressin [31].

References