Disease relevance of Climacteric

• Hormonal changes during the menopausal transition, finally resulting in estrogen deficiency, play a pivotal role in the incidence of climacteric symptoms and also in the development of chronic diseases [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Tibolone seems to be an effective option for the treatment of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women, especially in women who do not want to experience uterine bleeding again [2].
• These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the antiproliferative activities of CR in ER-positive and ER-negative tumour cell lines and highlight their potential in the management of climacteric disorders in women with a history of breast cancer [3].
• However, it is suggested that the early onset and high frequency of distal radius fractures seen in climacteric Caucasian women may be more directly due to accidental falls initiated by a greater frequency, intensity, and duration of vasomotor disturbances which are known to accompanay estrogen withdrawal in perimenopausal white females [4].
• Duodenal ulcer disease severity scores correlated with Zung SDS scores, but not with state or trait anxiety, life change units, or the FES [5].

Psychiatry related information on Climacteric

• However, the results do support the concept that depressive symptoms may be reduced by estradiol, and not simply due to the relief of climacteric symptoms [6].
• Conclusion: There is a gradual decline in estrogen during the climacteric, and it is controversial to which extent this affects women's mental health [7].
• RESULTS: With the exception of vertigo, mood depression, mood disorder, loss of libido, and dryness of skin, where tibolone was found to be more effective than conjugated estrogens/medrogestone, climacteric symptoms improved significantly in both groups over the 6-month study period [8].
• Ss were given the EPI, the Recent LIfe Changes Questionnaire, and the Locus of Control Scale in order to isolate the principal dimensions of emotional disturbance in such patients and to see whether derived dimensions were related to response to conservative treatment for back pain [9].
• Systemic estrogen/estrogen progestin therapy alleviates climacteric symptoms but there is no evidence that this therapy specifically improves hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal or postmenopausal women [10].

High impact information on Climacteric

• Sex steroid implants and psychological disorders of the climacteric [11].
• Effect of oestrogen and testosterone implants on psychological disorders in the climacteric [12].
• Despite the success of oestradiol and testosterone implants in relieving symptoms of the climacteric, symptoms returned once the treatment was stopped [13].
• The plant hormone ethylene plays a major role in the ripening of climacteric fruit [14].
• The factors that contributed most to the variance in CSF cortisol levels were a diagnosis of depression, height, and important life changes during the six months preceding the investigation [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Climacteric

• METHOD: Forty-five women between 40 and 60 years of age was assessed through the SCL-90, the SCID, a "Climacteric Symptoms Questionnaire" (CSQ) devised to evaluate psychological symptoms typically associated with menopause, the Kupperman Index for the analysis of climacteric symptoms, and plasma level of allopregnanolone (ALLO) [16].
• BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of tibolone (Livial) were compared with the traditional cyclic, sequential conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (Premarin/Provera; PP) regimen for the treatment of climacteric symptoms, prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, endometrial stimulation and influence on lipid profile [17].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how symptoms, blood pressure, glucose, hormones and lipid levels are modified in climacteric women according to obesity and body fat distribution [18].
• Efficacy and short-term effects of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-Co A reductase, on hypercholesterolemia in climacteric women [19].
• According to the opinion of the authors the gastrokinetic and antiemetic effect of domperidone is of high value, the use of the drug may be attempted as a monotherapy or an adjuvant therapy for the prevention of migraine and the treatment of climacteric flushes [20].

Biological context of Climacteric

• The endocrine physiology of the climacteric supports a rationale for the concomitant replacement of androgen and estrogen following menopause [21].
• The second phase, 7-12 d after detachment, was characterized by a climacteric rise in ethylene production, preceded by the induction of CsACS1 and ACC oxidase 1 (CsACO1) gene expression in the system II pathway [22].
• It is argued that phosphofructokinase is primarily responsible for the increased entry of fructose 6-phosphate into glycolysis at the climacteric [23].
• Recommendations for estrogen and progestin replacement in the climacteric and postmenopause. European Progestin Club [24].
• Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric. III. Effects on bone density and on certain biochemical parameters [25].

Anatomical context of Climacteric

• Tibolone alleviates climacteric vasomotor symptoms and displays a dominant progestogenic effect on the endometrium [26].
• Superimposition of Calcofluor white with immunofluorescence labeling, analysed by optical microscopy, indicated that ACC oxidase is located at the cell wall in the pericarp of breaker tomato and climacteric apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit [27].
• Effects of the climacteric and sequential mestranol and norethisterone on the cervix and genital tract [28].
• The two different doses achieved an identical significant improvement of urogenital symptoms, while a dose-related effect seen to be on climacteric complaints, according to a good absorption of estriol by the vaginal epithelium [29].
• Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) preparations might be an alternative, because they proved to reduce climacteric complaints as efficiently as conjugated estrogens without exerting estrogenic effects in the uterus [30].

Associations of Climacteric with chemical compounds

• Relation between plasma oestrone and oestradiol and climacteric symptoms [31].
• Tibolone, a synthetic steroid with simultaneous weak estrogenic, androgenic, and progestational activity, which does not stimulate endometrial proliferation, has recently been proposed for the treatment of climacteric symptoms [32].
• Climacteric flushes may be caused by hyperactivity of the neurokinin-B or LHRH neurons in this nucleus [33].
• These data suggest that fat, fiber, and alcohol intakes of US women at climacteric are not determinants of variations in estrone and either total or percent free estradiol [34].
• Ethinyl estradiol (EE) is still used to some extent as hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in the climacteric period [35].

Gene context of Climacteric

• Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on hepatic triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipase and lipids including apolipoprotein E in climacteric and elderly women [36].
• Relationship between climacteric symptoms and serum galanin levels in post-menopausal women [37].
• The basal and TRH stimulated levels of prolactin in low risk climacteric patients with increased breast density: A matched pair case control trial [38].
• The efficacy of the hormonal treatment was assessed by measuring serum concentrations of estradiol, estrone, FSH, LH and SHBG, by measuring endometrial thickness with TVS and by recording changes in subjective climacteric symptoms at 0 and 6 months [39].
• Correlations between rate of decrease in climacteric score and plasma IL-6 (R = 0.498, P = 0.0056) and sIL-6R (R = 0.512, P = 0.0045) concentrations were observed [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Climacteric

• 55 postmenopausal women on established hormone replacement therapy were treated with either oestradiol and testosterone implants or placebo at the time of return of climacteric symptoms [13].
• ORG OD14 is a synthetic steroid for continuous treatment of climacteric symptoms which in traditional bioassays has been shown to have weak estrogenic and progestogenic as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties [41].
• OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the relief of climacteric symptoms by vaginal rings delivering estradiol and to monitor estrogen levels [42].
• Transdermal estrogen with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device for climacteric complaints: clinical and endometrial responses [43].
• Therefore, we compared the effects of oral and transdermal oestrogen plus progestin regimen on plasma leptin in 38 healthy postmenopausal women with normal body mass index (BMI), who wished to use HRT to control incapacitating climacteric symptoms [44].

References