Disease relevance of Ophthalmoscopy

• Microvascular disease was assessed by estimating visual disabilities, by standardized examination of the optic fundus by direct ophthalmoscopy, by estimating proteinuria, and by measuring the serum creatinine concentration [1].
• A significant association between changes in frequency of CD69-positive CD4 T cells and changes in visual acuity (P = 0.008) and changes in vitreal haze (binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy score; P = 0.01) was observed in MMF-treated patients with prior moderate to severe uveitis activity [2].
• Results of light microscopy, slit-lamp examination, ERG, and indirect ophthalmoscopy indicated that infections with hemolysin-encoding plasmid-containing E. faecalis resulted in a more aggressive endophthalmitis compared with the endophthalmitis caused by plasmid-free E. faecalis [3].
• Direct ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein retinal angiography demonstrated nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first patient, which deteriorated after 6 weeks of strict metabolic control; the second patient had normal retinas [4].
• BACKGROUND: Sequential visual field testing is an extremely helpful adjunct to ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with the antiviral agents ganciclovir or foscarnet in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ophthalmoscopy

• The criteria are based on the results of ophthalmoscopy, duration of diabetes, status of glycemic control, status of achilles tendon reflex, status of serum creatinine, amount of alcohol consumption and the presence of hypertension [6].

High impact information on Ophthalmoscopy

• All of the CF patients studied had normal fundi on ophthalmoscopy, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiography [7].
• Fluorescein angiography allowed the detection of retinopathy, on average, four years earlier than with ophthalmoscopy [8].
• All these variables were longitudinally evaluated in a cohort of 322 insulin-dependent patients aged 16.2 +/- 4.9 years with diabetes for 7.4 +/- 5.2 years, including those 231 subjects whose eyes were examined once or repeatedly by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography [9].
• IR was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; retinopathy was evaluated by indirect ophthalmoscopy and photography [10].
• OBJECTIVE: To examine incidence and progression of retinopathy using retinal photographs in Pima Indians and to compare the results with those obtained when retinopathy is assessed by direct ophthalmoscopy [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ophthalmoscopy

• Choroidal abnormalities in Behçet disease observed by simultaneous indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [12].
• Rabbits received intravitreal injections of gentamicin and indirect ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and histopathology determined relative toxicity [13].
• Intravitreal injection of 540 microg or higher doses of diclofenac/HA resulted in ocular toxicity in the rabbit, demonstrated as cataract, vitreous haze and retinal damage observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and light- and electron-microscopic examinations [14].
• There were no signs of retinal toxicity during slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, or light microscopy in any eyes injected with moxifloxacin concentrations of < or =160 microg/0.1 mL [15].
• RESULTS: No electroretinographic changes or signs of retinal toxicity by slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, or light microscopy were seen in any eyes 14 days after intravitreal injection of garenoxacin (< or =4,000 microg/0.1 mL) [16].

Biological context of Ophthalmoscopy

• The results in 38 patients with disease affecting the macula correlated well with the clinical findings obtained by ophthalmoscopy, visual field tests, and fluorescein angiography [17].
• The animals were investigated before renal artery clamping and serially thereafter by recording systolic arterial blood pressure (BP), biochemical changes, and changes in the fundus of the eye; the latter was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy, stereoscopic color fundus photography, and fluorescein fundus angiography [18].
• The transplant sites were examined at follow-up by ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and histology [19].
• Circumstances of onset and family history were obtained and ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, visual field and visual evoked potential were performed on all 38 patients [20].
• Methods: Visual function, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiology, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography were performed [21].

Anatomical context of Ophthalmoscopy

• Forty sets of parents and 24 sibs of patients with tuberous sclerosis were investigated by an extensive protocol, including clinical examination of skin, hair, and oral cavity, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, cranial CT scan, renal ultrasound, and a radiological skeletal survey [22].
• Leukocyte dynamics were observed with acridine orange digital fluorography, which uses a nuclear fluorescent dye of acridine orange and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [23].
• Clinical examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy indicated an absence of optic nerve congestion and a lower level of vitritis in foscarnet treated animals compared to the untreated group [24].
• METHODS: The retina and choroid were examined by biomicroscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and histology at various times after the surgical removal of the RPE by gentle aspiration following a prior local vitrectomy and bleb detachment [25].
• METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients affected by idiopathic serous pigment epithelium detachment underwent ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green videoangiography [26].

Associations of Ophthalmoscopy with chemical compounds

• At one of two visits, the right eye of each participant underwent two digital imaging modalities: ocular coherence tomography (OCT; StratusOCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO; Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) [27].
• Also, there was a trend towards worsening eye lesions, as seen by indirect ophthalmoscopy, in the fluconazole-treated rabbits after 24 days of therapy, which roughly paralleled the quantitative culture results [28].
• Carbon disulfide effects on the visual system. I. Visual thresholds and ophthalmoscopy [29].
• After 17 days of therapy, indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed less severe eye involvement in both antifungal treatment groups than in saline controls; however, this difference reached statistical significance only for the amphotericin B-treated rabbits (P less than 0.05) [28].
• Intravitreal injection of approximately 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide was performed in one eye of each animal, and eyes were followed clinically for 12 weeks with ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography [30].

Gene context of Ophthalmoscopy

• PURPOSE: To describe fundus autofluorescence (AF) in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) associated with mutations in RPGR (RP3), and to compare the findings on AF with ophthalmoscopy and with electrophysiological and psychophysical data [31].
• METHODS: Eyes of adult mice, homozygous and heterozygous for the p53 gene disruption in the 129/SvJ and C57BL/6J (B6) genetic backgrounds, and their F1 progeny were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and by light microscopy [32].
• Results argue for a combined screening programme for FAP of DNA analysis, indirect ophthalmoscopy and bowel examination [33].
• RESULTS: Severe (referral-warranted) ROP was diagnosed in 23 eyes by indirect ophthalmoscopy during their series of examinations [34].
• All dysplastic nevus syndrome patients and their families should be evaluated ophthalmologically, with special attention being given to dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ophthalmoscopy

• The disease was investigated by ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, electroretinography, and light microscopy [36].
• The retinas and maculae of these eyes were examined by ophthalmoscopy fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, light and electron microscopy, and the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique [37].
• Eyes were followed up for 3 days to 8 weeks by ophthalmoscopy, photography, fluorescein angiography, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy [38].
• Anatomic results were documented by ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography, and ultrasonography [39].
• Animals were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography at 2 hours and 7 days after treatment [40].

References