Disease relevance of Immunotherapy, Active

• Because MMP-2 activity is critical for melanoma progression, the MMP-2 peptide should be cross-presented by most progressing melanomas and represents a unique antigen for vaccine therapy of these tumors [1].
• Combination drug and vaccine therapy had benefits based on sustained reduction of viraemia, antigenaemia, and hepatic WHV DNA and RNA; inhibition of progression of chronic hepatitis; reduced frequency of chronic liver injury; and delayed onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [2].
• To evaluate the potential of defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vectors as in vivo cytokine gene transfer vehicles for active immunotherapy, we generated a defective HSV vector that encodes the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene, using a replication-defective HSV as helper virus [3].
• We compared the specificity of natural and induced MUC1 Abs with the objective of defining an effective MUC1 vaccine for active immunotherapy of adenocarcinoma patients [4].
• The use of this new recombinant CEA vaccinia construct may thus provide an approach in the specific active immunotherapy of human GI cancer and other CEA expressing carcinoma types [5].

High impact information on Immunotherapy, Active

• GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor [6].
• This is the first report demonstrating that a vaccine therapy is capable of breaking "immune tolerance" to CEA in patients with CEA positive tumors [7].
• This could advance vaccine therapy against cancer provided that precursor CTL recognizing telomerase peptides in normal adults and cancer patients can be expanded through immunization [8].
• Observations of several patients who had evidence of disease relapse restricted to a rising biochemical marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), indicated that a treatment effect could occur within 3 months after completion of the vaccine therapy [9].
• Our results show a unique fine specificity of rituximab, define the molecular basis for the lack of rituximab reactivity with mouse CD20 (mCD20), and the potential of targeting CD20 in an active immunotherapy setting [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Immunotherapy, Active

• A prospective trial with concurrent controls was designed to assess the effects of specific active immunotherapy in patients receiving intermittent cytotoxic chemotherapy (DTIC + Vincristine) as an adjuvant to surgery in Stage IIB malignant melanoma [11].
• This review will focus on the detection of minimal residual disease as well as strategies with which to treat it, including matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and vaccine therapy [12].

Biological context of Immunotherapy, Active

• To enhance the effectiveness of DNA vaccine therapies and make possible the treatment of established AHR, we developed a DNA vaccination plasmid containing OVA cDNA fused to IL-18 cDNA [13].
• The presence of a detectable immune response to ErbB-2/neu in some patients suggests that this oncogene may be a useful target for vaccine therapy [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of class I expression using interferon-gamma enhances the cellular antitumor immune response and cure rate of AdCD40L, an active immunotherapy strategy [15].
• This tissue distribution adds further biological support to the ongoing use of Melan-A/MART-1-related peptides in active immunotherapy [16].

Anatomical context of Immunotherapy, Active

• Identification of HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes derived from the MUC1 tumor antigen for broadly applicable vaccine therapies [17].
• A Phase I study of active immunotherapy with carcinoembryonic antigen peptide (CAP-1)-pulsed, autologous human cultured dendritic cells in patients with metastatic malignancies expressing carcinoembryonic antigen [18].
• PURPOSE: The gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been a target for passive and active immunotherapy of gastrointestinal carcinoma patients [19].
• CONCLUSION: Tumor cell membrane expressed superantigen can be used to reinforce the immune effect of tumor cell vaccine for HCC, which provides a new method of the enhanced active immunotherapy for HCC [20].
• The discovery of a gene, designated MAGE1, coding for a peptide presented by HLA-A1 and able to specifically activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes may represent a unique approach to specific active immunotherapy for melanoma [21].

Associations of Immunotherapy, Active with chemical compounds

• 6-Mercaptopurine-induced potentiation of active immunotherapy in L1210-bearing mice treated with concanavalin A-bound leukemia cell vaccine [22].
• Use of CHS-treated cells or shed antigeneic material could be of potential value as a method of active immunotherapy [23].
• Induction of alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine-O-serine/threonine (Tn) antigen-mediated cellular immune response for active immunotherapy in mice [24].
• Experiments were designed to evaluate the characteristics of the humoral immune response induced by active immunotherapy, both specific (neuraminidase-treated tumore cells) and nonspecific (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin organisms), in the L1210-C57BL/6 X DBA/2F tumor-host system [25].
• Thus, systemic or mucosal administration of ISS before allergen exposure could provide a novel form of active immunotherapy in allergic diseases [26].

Gene context of Immunotherapy, Active

• A phase-I clinical trial of active immunotherapy for acute leukemia using inactivated autologous leukemia cells mixed with IL-2, GM-CSF, and IL-6 [27].
• We have determined whether esophageal carcinoma patients should be eligible for MAGE-peptide-based vaccine therapies [28].
• Clinical trials of active immunotherapy strategies against viral infections and malignancies are increasingly using dendritic cells (DC) generated in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in media supplemented with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4) [29].
• Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one of the most extensively studied human tumor-associated antigens, represents a potential target for passive as well as active immunotherapy [30].
• We have shown that mice that express the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) have enhanced local tumor growth and an impaired response to vaccine therapy compared with CCR5 knockout (CCR5(-/-)) mice [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Immunotherapy, Active

• These studies demonstrate that DC association with distinct hematopoietic lineages is of relevance in transplantation and vaccine therapies [32].
• Preclinical and clinical trials are ongoing aimed at improving passive and active immunotherapy using CO17-1A/EpCam as a target antigen in colorectal carcinoma [33].
• Antibodies and cytokine levels in patient sera were determined using ELISA before and after active immunotherapy [34].
• This data is being used to support a phase I active immunotherapy clinical protocol using DC pulsed with CEA peptide to treat patients with metastatic malignancies expressing CEA [35].

References