Disease relevance of Pararosaniline

• The hexazonium pararosaniline method was employed to describe the distribution of acid phosphatase activity, chronologically, within neurons and their investing satellite cells of the inferior vagal ganglion of the cat after vagotomy [1].
• Bacillary smears from 200 long-treated patients with tuberculoid, borderline and lepromatous leprosy were stained with periodic acid-carbol pararosaniline [2].

High impact information on Pararosaniline

• Fixation with pararosaniline resulted in better morphology of all tissues and inhibited endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity in brain tissue [3].
• For visualization of this activity, the liberated MNA was coupled with fast blue B for light microscopy (LM) or hexazotized pararosaniline with osmication for electron microscopy (EM) [4].
• Macrophages are stained an intense red-brown after 5 min incubation in a buffer using ANAE as the substrate and hexazonium pararosaniline as the coupler for the azo dye [5].
• alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase methods using hexazonium pararosaniline as coupler for demonstrating T-cells and monocytes have been compared, and some effects of fixation before incubation in two incubating media of slightly differing composition for varying incubation period have been studied [6].
• A comparative study of the chronic effects of magenta, paramagenta, and phenyl-beta-naphthylamine in Syrian golden hamsters [7].

Biological context of Pararosaniline

• Groups of Syrian golden hamsters were treated with magenta, paramagenta, or phenyl-beta-napthylamine intragastrically, twice weekly for life at maximum tolerated doses [7].
• We have determined the DNA content of intact double minutes (DMs) and of single minutes (SMs) by fluorometry of the individual chromatin bodies in metaphase spreads after staining with Feulgen-Schiff pararosaniline [8].
• A rapid air titration method for determining SO2 concentration in inhalation chambers has been validated using the pararosaniline-formaldehyde (PRA) method of West and Gaeke [9].
• Jaws of guinea pig embryos, 25-50 days of gestation age, were pretreated, frozen, serially cut, and incubated with alpha-naphthyl acetate as substrate and hexazotized pararosaniline as capture agent for demonstration of enzyme activity [10].

Anatomical context of Pararosaniline

• Using alpha-naphthyl butyrate (ANB) as substrate and hexazotized pararosaniline as coupling agent the osmiophilic reaction product was observed extracellularly on the plasma membrane as an electron-dense continuous layer, whereas intracytoplasmic staining of lysosomes was rare [11].
• Fixation with hexazotized Pararosaniline caused a minimal loss of antigenicity as demonstrated using twenty-three monoclonal antibodies directed against lympho-haemopoietic and stromal cells [12].
• We have adapted two methods to evaluate the beta-hexosaminidase (HEX) enzymatic activity in cultured cells, based on the use of (i) the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2- deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNAc-6-SO4) and (ii) the naphthol AS-BI-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and hexazotized pararosaniline [13].
• In the present investigation hexazonium pararosaniline protected lymphoid tissue and striated muscle against the damaging effects of water or saline [14].
• Aldehyde pararosaniline staining of acinar cells in the human sublingual and submandibular glands [15].

Associations of Pararosaniline with other chemical compounds

• The MNA substrates are used for histochemical and cytochemical purposes, and they yield a coloured final reaction product when azo-coupled with a diazonium salt, an osmiophilic product for electron microscopy when coupled with hexazotized Pararosaniline, or a fluorescent final reaction product when coupled with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde [16].
• Mechanisms that call for unmodified TAM(+) structure (radical-mediated redox changes, DNA intercalation) may be more relevant to the in vivo impact of dyes such as PR(+) and CV(+) that have a lower tendency to form adducts [17].
• A method is presented in which esterase positive sites are revealed by incubation with hexazotized pararosaniline and indoxyl acetate [18].
• Fluorescent microspectrophotometry using dichroic mirror vertical epi-illumination of tissue sections stained with the PAS reaction (periodic acid and pararosaniline Schiff reagent) provides a measure of the relative concentration of 1:2 glycols within and between tissue sections [19].
• Crystallization without dye precipitation took place if the reagent, prepared with pararosaniline base or chloride in a saturated SO2 solution, was stored for a sufficient time at room temperature in partly filled flasks [20].

Gene context of Pararosaniline

• Acceleration of fluorescence fading was observed in smear specimens treated with RNase, trypsin, or hypotonic solution before pararosaniline Feulgen nuclear staining [21].
• The method was tested on a variety of both sulfite-treated and untreated food products and the results compared favorably with those obtained by the Monier-Williams, colorimetric (pararosaniline), and enzymatic (sulfite oxidase) methods [22].
• The intracellular Hb in an erythroid cell was converted to fluorescent porphyrin after removing the Giemsa staning by irradiation with violet light in the presence of SH-donor (mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride, MEA) and its nuclear DNA was subsequently stained with pararosaniline Feulgen staining [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pararosaniline

• Parameters measured were: sulphur dioxide using pararosaniline method, nitrogen dioxide using saltzman method, particulate matter and particulate lead using filtration method and atomic absorption spectrometric method, respectively [24].
• By periodic acid oxidation followed by Schiff pararosaniline (SO2) staining, however, a specific fluorescent signal can be obtained, strong enough to allow measurement by flow cytometry [25].
• Heretofore the amount of color reaction as measured by densitometry at the pararosaniline absorption peak was claimed to be an unreliable indicator of the amount of reactive glycol present in tissue [19].
• A method was developed to prepare plant structures for confocal laser scanning microscopy by combining Feulgen staining with pararosaniline and embedding in LR White(TM) [26].
• Other investigators have found that immersion for 2 min in an acidic (pH 3.5) 0.0015 M hexazonium pararosaniline solution can protect cryostat sections of unfixed animal tissues from the deleterious effects of aqueous reagents such as buffered solutions used in immunohistochemistry, while preserving specific affinities for antibodies [14].

References