Disease relevance of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• Chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes obtained from workers occupationally exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) were detected [1].
• The relationship between exposure to certain chromium-based pigments and chromic acid and lung cancer, although not as strong, is fairly well accepted [2].
• Toxicity of chromic acid in the chromium plating industry(2) [3].
• CASE REPORT: We report a 35-year-old woman who developed severe acidosis, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute renal failure, and hepatic injury following ingestion of chromic acid (50 mL) and died 12 hours after ingestion [4].
• Complaints of nasal irritation were common among subjects exposed to a daily average that exceeded 1 microgram/m3 of chromic acid, while the frequency of chronic bronchitis was similar to that in different control series [5].

High impact information on dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• The equilibrium dissociation constants of the binding of sulfate (Kd = 0.12 microM) and selenate (Kd = 5 microM) were found to be pH independent over the range pH 5 to pH 8.1, whereas chromate binding exhibited a pH dependence that is approximately attributable to the pK2 of the chromic acid [6].
• Derivatives 1 were prepared by chromic acid oxidation of acylated benzo[g]phthalazines 5 followed by acid hydrolysis or by silylation-amination of 5,10-dihydroxybenzo[g]phthalazine-1,4-dione (8) [7].
• Increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) in electroplating factories [1].
• Alkylation of the n-valeryl derivatives of these oxazolidones with allyl bromide, followed by reductive cleavage and chromic acid oxidation of the product, afforded the desired acids, (R)- and (S)-delta 4-VPA [8].
• Nephrotoxicity caused by chemicals can be secondary to accidental occupational exposure in industrial work places (eg, chromic acid), or after suicidal or homicidal use (eg, copper sulphate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene glycol) [9].

Biological context of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• From the results of methylation analysis and chromic acid oxidation, one was determined to be lactosylceramide, while the other was suggested to be a mixture of two diglucosylceramides: gentiobiosylceramide (Glc beta 1-6Glc beta 1-1Cer) and cellobiosylceramide (Glc beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer) [10].
• Because chromic acid mists, typical of many occupational Cr(VI) exposures, present a toxicological profile different from that of Cr(VI) particulates, representative of environmental exposures, Cr(VI) particulate data were evaluated separately from Cr(VI) acidic mist data [11].
• The kinetics of oxidation of D-fructose by chromic acid in aqueous and aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, and alkylphenyl polyethylenglykol, TX-100) media have been investigated in the presence of HClO(4) [12].
• Septal perforation by inhalation of chromic acid was located in the cartilaginous septum and there was no destruction of the bony septum and wall of the sinuses [13].
• Two cases involving the development of systemic toxicity and prolonged wound healing in small percentage area burns to chromic acid are reported [14].

Anatomical context of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• Lavdowsky's chromic acid fixative provided superior results as compared to the other fixing fluids and its use was critical with respect to the trichrome or connective tissue staining procedures [15].
• We have applied the micronucleus (MN) assay to exfoliated cells of buccal and nasal cavities to monitor the genotoxic risk in a group of workers exposed to chromic acid and in another group exposed to ethylene oxide (EtO) [16].
• The results seem to indicate an acute effect on the kidney tubules, which is reversible even in workers who have had a relatively high exposure to chromic acid [17].
• Sudden deafness following chromic acid application to a perforation of the tympanic membrane [18].
• Nasal septum lesions and lung function in workers exposed to chromic acid in electroplating factories [19].

Associations of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium with other chemical compounds

• Chromic acid (CrO(3)), a hexavalent compound of chromium (Cr) that is widely used in different industries, has been associated with reproductive abnormalities in male Swiss mice [20].
• Exposure to electroplating fluids was measured at three sites on 27 subjects who were dipping objects into tanks of either chromic acid, nickel sulphate, copper sulphate, copper cyanide or zinc hydroxide [21].
• Separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from DDT and its analogs using chromic acid and silica gel [22].
• First, the procedure for support modification was optimised, making a screening of various compounds (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, chromic acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), glycerol, oleic alcohol, propylene glycol (PPG), bovine serum albumin (BSA)) and testing their performance by means of contact angle measurements [23].

Gene context of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• In particular, the "key" study used by the EPA [E. Lindberg and G. Hedenstierna (1983) Arch. Environ. Health 38, 367-374] as the basis for their proposal is not appropriate because it examined only the effects of exposure to chromic acid mist [Cr(VI)], even though most environmental exposure is to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) as a dust [24].
• This paper reports a case of severe sensorineural deafness which developed following the application of chromic acid to a perforation of the tympanic membrane--a hitherto unrecognized complication [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of dihydroxy-dioxo-chromium

• External burns with chromic acid have been fatal even in cases with corrosions covering less than 10% of the body surface area [25].
• Chromic acid poisoning treated with acute hemodialysis [26].
• Their chemical structures were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, methylation analysis, chromic acid oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [27].
• A survival case of acute chromic acid poisoning treated by peritoneal dialysis [28].
• In contrast, surface with hirudin immobilization showed a reduction in adhered platelet density than the chromic acid oxidized counterpart due to the decrease of platelet-activating capability by the hirudin-thrombin complex and the differences in the adsorbed protein composition [29].

References