Disease relevance of Peritoneal Dialysis

• These findings strongly suggest accumulation of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, and may explain in part the increased incidence of coronary deaths among these patients [1].
• Seventeen children and young adults (mean [+/- SD] age, 14.1 +/- 3.7 years) undergoing regular peritoneal dialysis were randomly assigned to treatment with either aluminum hydroxide (n = 7; maximal dose, 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) or calcium carbonate (n = 10; dose range, 2.5 to 12 g per day, according to serum phosphorus levels) [2].
• To determine whether chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosis (CDA) can be corrected by provision of chloride without volume expansion or intranephronal redistribution of fluid reabsorption, CDA was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by peritoneal dialysis against 0.15 M NaHCO3; controls (CON) were dialyzed against Ringer's bicarbonate [3].
• A patient with compensated congestive heart failure suffered acute deterioration of her renal function and cardiac status, requiring peritoneal dialysis, in association with indomethacin therapy [4].
• The use of high-volume i.p. chemotherapy with methotrexate (7.5 to 50 microM methotrexate administered via peritoneal dialysis technique) was studied in four patients with ovarian cancer and one patient with malignant melanoma [5].

Psychiatry related information on Peritoneal Dialysis

• RESULTS: Men on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis suffered significantly more often from 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder', 'Sexual Aversion Disorder' and 'Inhibited Male Orgasm' than men with kidney transplantation or rheumatoid arthritis [6].
• Erectile dysfunction in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients: incidence and treatment with sildenafil [7].
• Gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients [8].

High impact information on Peritoneal Dialysis

• Peritoneal dialysis reduced plasma PAI-1 levels dramatically [9].
• We report a case of calcium oxalate arthropathy in a woman undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis who was not receiving pharmacologic doses of ascorbic acid [10].
• Arthritis associated with calcium oxalate crystals in an anephric patient treated with peritoneal dialysis [10].
• Intravenous rehydration, peritoneal dialysis, and heparin administration corrected the metabolic and coagulation derangements, and renal function returned to normal [11].
• The chronic contact of glucose-containing dialysate and proteins results in the deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on peritoneal tissues in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD), yet plasma levels of the AGE pentosidine are significantly lower in PD than in hemodialysis (HD) [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Peritoneal Dialysis

• Dialysate as food: combined amino acid and glucose dialysate improves protein anabolism in renal failure patients on automated peritoneal dialysis [13].
• Fluconazole treatment without catheter removal in Candida albicans peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis [14].
• Intraperitoneal deferoxamine is a well established treatment for aluminum accumulation syndrome in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving peritoneal dialysis, but the use of intraperitoneal deferoxamine has not been described outside of the setting of chronic renal failure [15].
• This experience reveals that patients with lupus continue to show clinical and serologic disease activity and require maintenance prednisone therapy while receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis [16].
• No other causes for renal failure could be detected, and all recovered after discontinuation of cephalothin therapy, although peritoneal dialysis was required in one patient [17].

Biological context of Peritoneal Dialysis

• Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis [18].
• The aim of this study was to determine whether subcutaneous administration of ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating gut hormone, could enhance food intake in patients who are receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis and have evidence of malnutrition [19].
• The kinetics of oral ketoconazole in serum and peritoneal fluid were studied in six patients with renal failure receiving peritoneal dialysis [20].
• Compared with healthy controls, patients receiving peritoneal dialysis have significantly less ketoconazole serum protein binding [20].
• We hypothesis that VEGF genetic polymorphism may affect the longitudinal change of peritoneal transport and clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis patients [21].

Anatomical context of Peritoneal Dialysis

• TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta both induce acute changes in the peritoneum that mimic those seen in peritoneal dialysis patients who experience an episode of peritonitis [22].
• A significant increase in phosphatidylserine-expressing erythrocytes was found in undialyzed patients with CRF (2.32%) and patients on hemodialysis (3.06%) and on peritoneal dialysis (2.14%) compared with control subjects (0.68%) [23].
• These findings suggest that the peritoneal mesothelium is damaged by prolonged peritoneal dialysis using high glucose dialysate and that impairment of the intercellular junctions of peritoneal mesothelial cells by high glucose dialysate induces peritoneal hyperpermeability and a progressive reduction in dialysis efficacy [24].
• After 12 mo of peritoneal dialysis, the amount of body fat increased markedly (19.0 +/- 1.5 to 25.1 +/- 2.2 kg; P < 0.001), and the changes in serum leptin concentrations correlated significantly (rho = 0.69; P < 0.01) to the changes in the body fat content [25].
• RESULTS: Peritoneal dialysis solutions with a high content of both glucose and glucose degradation products accelerated neutrophil and mononuclear cell apoptosis [26].

Associations of Peritoneal Dialysis with chemical compounds

• A new glucoee polymer, icodextrin, related to maltose, is in increasing use as a peritoneal dialysis fluid [27].
• Serum aluminium levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis [28].
• Ototoxicity of erythromycin in peritoneal dialysis patients [29].
• Prophylactic cephalexin ineffective in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [30].
• Defective triglyceride removal in lipemia associated with peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis [31].

Gene context of Peritoneal Dialysis

• In contrast, d-glucose (30 to 90 mmol/L), which is commonly used as an osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis, was not able to up-regulate VEGF expression [32].
• We also detected IL-15 in the peritoneal effluent of patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis treatment [33].
• Connective tissue growth factor and its regulation in the peritoneal cavity of peritoneal dialysis patients [34].
• HUS patients requiring peritoneal dialysis showed 6-fold increased G-CSF (p < 0.001) and 5-fold decreased ENA-78 (p < 0.001) levels [35].
• Forty-eight subjects (78.7%) received peritoneal dialysis (PD), with the 19 rHuEpo recipients (39.6%) demonstrating increased serum testosterone (21.0 +/- 1.5 vs 16.6 +/- 1.3 nmol/l, P < 0.05), SHBG (40.5 vs 26.5 nmol/l, P < 0.01), LH (15.0 vs 10.0 iu/l, P < 0.01) and FSH (12.0 vs 5.3 iu/l, P < 0.05) [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Peritoneal Dialysis

• A dialysate isosmotic to uraemic serum (302 [SEM 1.3] mOsm/kg) containing 5% glucose polymer (9.4 mmol/l) was compared with hypertonic (332 [1.0] mOsm/kg) 1.36% glucose (76 mmol/l) solution for ultrafiltration, solute transport, and carbohydrate absorption over 6 h and 12 h peritoneal dialysis exchanges [37].
• He was treated with administration of dopamine hydrochloride, antihistaminic agents, corticosteroids, fluid and electrolyte replenishment, peritoneal dialysis, and plasmapheresis [38].
• Hemodialysis offers considerable benefit in severe salicylate poisoning and is preferred to hemoperfusion or peritoneal dialysis, since it more rapidly corrects acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities than does hemoperfusion, and since it is clearly more efficient than is peritoneal dialysis for the removal of salicylates [39].
• Total parenteral nutrition achieves and sustains branched-chain amino acids removal efficiently with fewer risks than multiple exchange transfusions or peritoneal dialysis [40].
• Aluminum removal via peritoneal dialysis was evaluated after the administration of deferoxamine in patients treated with CAPD and CCPD [41].

References