Disease relevance of Norsulfazole

• Characterization of mutations contributing to sulfathiazole resistance in Escherichia coli [1].
• In fact, Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains carrying pRF-1 were found to show strong resistance to sulfathiazole, suggesting that orf1 is a functional gene [2].
• Comparative efficacy of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole in feed for control of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in swine [3].
• The toxicity (EC50 values) relative to C. vulgaris increased in the following order sulfacetamide, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine [4].

High impact information on Norsulfazole

• The relations between the single high affinity binding sites for azapropazone, phenylbutazone, chlorpropamide, sulfathiazole, and iophenoxate and the binding regions of human serum albumin represented by the marker ligands diazepam, phenol red, salicylate, and warfarin were examined by a series of competition experiments [5].
• A sulfathiazole-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) present in two different laboratory strains of Escherichia coli repeatedly selected for sulfathiazole resistance was mapped to folP by P1 transduction [1].
• Replacement of the mutant folP alleles with wild-type folP significantly reduced the level of resistance to sulfathiazole but did not abolish it, indicating the presence of an additional mutation(s) that contributes to sulfathiazole resistance in the two strains [1].
• The amplified DNA contained a gene designated sur that contributed to sulfathiazole resistance when present in greater amounts than those in the wild type [6].
• A sulfathiazole-resistant strain of Escherichia coli was isolated and shown to contain a fourfold tandemly amplified segment of DNA 18 kilobase pairs in length in addition to a mutationally altered dihydropteroate synthase, the target enzyme for sulfonamide inhibition [6].

Biological context of Norsulfazole

• Plasmids that contained sur also conferred only weak sulfathiazole resistance on wild-type strains [6].
• The effects of the granule size and density on the drying rate kinetics of tablet granulations were studied using lactose and sulfathiazole granules prepared with acacia mucilage and providone solution [7].
• Although the specific activity of DHPS in crude extracts was not significantly different from the wild type, the amino acid substitution resulted in an enzyme with a tenfold increase in the Km for p-aminobenzoate, and a 100-fold increase in the Ki for sulfathiazole [8].
• Disposition of sulfonamides in food-producing animals: pharmacokinetics of sulfathiazole in swine [9].
• Localisation of antimicrobial resistance genes indicated that the veterinary hospital isolates had more than one plasmid carrying resistance genes and that the genes encoding sulphathiazole and trimethoprim resistance were not on these plasmids [10].

Anatomical context of Norsulfazole

• Turbinate spacing measurements averaged 11% less in the sulfamethazine group than in the sulfathiazole group [3].

Associations of Norsulfazole with other chemical compounds

• Carboxylumichromes accounted for 5-10% of the total flavin-derived fluorescence in urine of rats fed 2 and 6 micrograms riboflavin/g diet and were reduced to approximately 3% when sulfathiazole was added to the base diets [11].
• Honey samples (n = 100; origin: various countries from Eurasia, Oceania, and the Americas) were analysed by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfathiazole [12].
• The results were explained by the variation of degrees of ionization of glycyrrhizic acid and sulfathiazole with pH [13].
• The effects of increase of temperature, agitation, inclusion of seeds of Form II (the water-stable dihydrate), sulfathiazole, methylcellulose, and polysorbate 80 on the particle-size distribution of anhydrous succinylsulfathiazole Form I were examined [14].
• This manuscript reports the usefulness of the determination of sulphathiazole (ST) using photochemically induced fluorescence (RTPF) and RTPF coupling with first derivative (D1-RTPF), and the determination of sulphanilamide (SAN) by meaning first derivative of the emission spectrum [15].

Gene context of Norsulfazole

• The dispersing effect of glycyrrhizic acid on suspension of sulfathiazole showed a maximum in the pH 3-4 region, the same pH region where the zeta-potential of sulfathiazole particles showed a negative maximum [13].
• A highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for detection of sulfathiazole (STZ, 4-amino- N-thiazol-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide) [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Norsulfazole

• A methanolic extract of the product containing sulfathiazole internal standard was subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a 10-micron Partisil ODS-2 column with methanol-acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) mobile phase [17].
• The crystallization method developed proved to be a simple and efficient technique for reproducible and consistent isolation of sulfathiazole polymorphs [18].
• However, when samples which were positive in the sulfathiazole EIA were reanalysed for sulfonamides by HPLC, no sulfa drugs could be detected [12].
• Sulfathiazole was absorbed slowly (half-life, 18 hours) and relatively completely (73%) after oral administration in solution [19].
• The developed immunoassay is suitable to determine sulfisozole, sulfathiazole, sulfameter, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfapyridine, and sulfamethizole below the maximum residue limit in milk (100 ng mL(-1) of total sulfonamides) rapidly and reliably [20].

References