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MeSH Review

Particle Size

 
 
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Disease relevance of Particle Size

 

Psychiatry related information on Particle Size

 

High impact information on Particle Size

  • Particle size problems associated with other highly insoluble drugs and pesticides may be resolved by the use of nicarbazin-like complexes [8].
  • On the other hand, the risk of IHD in men having a combination of elevated LDL-C and triglyceride levels and reduced HDL-C levels was no longer significant (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.5-3.5) after multivariate adjustment for fasting plasma insulin level, apolipoprotein B level, and LDL particle size [9].
  • The inhibition is independent of particle size, occurs within 15-30 min of addition of this glucose analogue to the medium at 37 degrees C, cannot be overcome by supra-agglutinating amounts of opsonizing antibody, and is completely reversible by substitution of 5.5 mM glucose for 50 mM 2-dG in the medium [10].
  • These compositional changes resulted in an incremental shift in apparent HDL particle size which correlated directly with the level of hLCAT expression, such that HE had the largest HDL particles and controls the smallest [11].
  • In the current study, these two lines were crossed producing control, HuCETPTg, HuAITg, and HuAICETPTg mice to study the influence of CETP on HDL cholesterol levels, particle size distribution, and metabolism in animals with mouse and human-like HDL [12].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Particle Size

 

Biological context of Particle Size

 

Anatomical context of Particle Size

  • The influence of particle size and multiple apoprotein E-receptor interactions on the endocytic targeting of beta-VLDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages [22].
  • Using a nebulizer that generated aerosol droplets with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.7 micron (55% of droplets were less than 3 micron, a particle size optimal for deposition on the alveolar epithelium), in vitro studies demonstrated that the aerosolized rAAT remained intact and fully functional as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase [23].
  • SUMMARY: The currently available evidence suggests that several genetic variants in the CETP gene are associated with altered CETP plasma levels and activity, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol plasma levels, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particle size, and perhaps the risk of coronary artery disease [24].
  • As compared with native LDL, the mast cell granule-modified LDL particles exhibit (i) increased particle size, (ii) selective loss of protein (apoB), (iii) a decrease in hydrated density, and (iv) stronger ionic interaction between apoB and heparin proteoglycan [25].
  • Cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts to discoidal lipoproteins with apolipoprotein A-I (LpA-I) increases with particle size but cholesterol transfer from LpA-I to lipoproteins decreases with size [26].
 

Associations of Particle Size with chemical compounds

  • Autoxidation of lipids and antioxidation by alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol in homogeneous solution and in aqueous dispersions of lipids: unrecognized consequences of lipid particle size as exemplified by oxidation of human low density lipoprotein [27].
  • To determine whether Glu is enriched in thalamocortical terminals, we performed postembedding double-labeling immunocytochemistry for Glu and GABA, using different gold particle sizes [28].
  • The material bound to the column was analyzed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and found to contain three subpopulations of lipoproteins with a particle size of 12, 11, and 9 nm, respectively [29].
  • Disulfide bond formation led to a decrease in particle size relative to control peptide DNA condensates and prevented dissociation of peptide DNA condensates in concentrated sodium chloride [30].
  • Particles closely resembling rat high density lipoproteins (HDL) in terms of equilibrium density profile and particle size were prepared by sonication of apoA-I with a microemulsion made with egg lecithin and cholesterol oleate [31].
 

Gene context of Particle Size

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Particle Size

References

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  19. Human pedigree-based quantitative-trait-locus mapping: localization of two genes influencing HDL-cholesterol metabolism. Almasy, L., Hixson, J.E., Rainwater, D.L., Cole, S., Williams, J.T., Mahaney, M.C., VandeBerg, J.L., Stern, M.P., MacCluer, J.W., Blangero, J. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1999) [Pubmed]
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  22. The influence of particle size and multiple apoprotein E-receptor interactions on the endocytic targeting of beta-VLDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Tabas, I., Myers, J.N., Innerarity, T.L., Xu, X.X., Arnold, K., Boyles, J., Maxfield, F.R. J. Cell Biol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  23. Fate of aerosolized recombinant DNA-produced alpha 1-antitrypsin: use of the epithelial surface of the lower respiratory tract to administer proteins of therapeutic importance. Hubbard, R.C., Casolaro, M.A., Mitchell, M., Sellers, S.E., Arabia, F., Matthay, M.A., Crystal, R.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
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  25. Modification of low density lipoproteins by secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells. Kovanen, P.T., Kokkonen, J.O. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) [Pubmed]
  26. Cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts to discoidal lipoproteins with apolipoprotein A-I (LpA-I) increases with particle size but cholesterol transfer from LpA-I to lipoproteins decreases with size. Agnani, G., Marcel, Y.L. Biochemistry (1993) [Pubmed]
  27. Autoxidation of lipids and antioxidation by alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol in homogeneous solution and in aqueous dispersions of lipids: unrecognized consequences of lipid particle size as exemplified by oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Ingold, K.U., Bowry, V.W., Stocker, R., Walling, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1993) [Pubmed]
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