Disease relevance of Clomid

• A single injection of either Clomid or Nafoxidine in neonatal rats causes multiple abnormalities of the reproductive tract of the adult female animal [1].
• Five men with chronic renal failure and symptoms suggestive to androgen deficiency were treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) at a dose of 100 mg/day for a period of 5 to 12 months [2].
• Clomid in unexplained infertility [3].
• When bromocriptine (Parlodel) became available, a total of 22 patients (including 14 patients previously treated with Clomid/HCG, six of them successfully) with amenorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia were treated with this drug with dosages varying from 2.5 mg to 15 mg/day [4].
• Clomid caused DNA-strand breaks, but few SOS responses such as mutation, induction of prophage and expression of the umuC+ gene were induced [5].

High impact information on Clomid

• In rats, a single injection of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) during pregnancy causes multiple abnormalities of the reproductive tract in the offspring and mothers [6].
• Thus, a quantitatively and qualitatively similar pituitary sensitivity to LRF during three distinct phases of the menstrual cycle was induced by Clomid treatment that resembles the LRF responsiveness of themale pituitary [7].
• Are laparoscopic ovarian diathermy and gonadotropin administration the only therapeutic second-steps in clomiphene-citrate resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome [8]?
• Evaluation of sex steroids in cervical mucus was performed at different phases of spontaneous or clomiphene-citrate-induced ovulatory cycles [9].
• Clomid for unexplained infertility? Simple lie or complicated truth [10]?

Chemical compound and disease context of Clomid

• A 33-year-old woman treated for infertility with multiple courses of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) presented with the complaint of a rash with every course of the medication [11].

Biological context of Clomid

• It also may be effective in inducing ovulation in some amenorrheic patients refractory to Clomid treatment [12].
• Clomid therapy can lengthen the luteal phase in patients with luteal temperature elevation of 10 days or less [13].
• It has been concluded that the differentiation of the estradiol binding sites (specific or unspecific) with the elevated temperature effect or the additon of Clomid may be helpful only as a qualitative test [14].
• Clostilbegyt was used from the 4th day of the menstruation in a five day period [15].
• This is to our knowledge, the first document of a commercially important male teleostean fish Clarias batrachus with high nutritive value being made to spermiate in the laboratory 4 months ahead of natural schedule, using a chemical inductor 'Clomid' [16].

Anatomical context of Clomid

• In contrast, changes in the content of oestrogen receptors in the hypothalamus following Clomid treatment were minimal [17].
• Clomid effect on cervical mucus [18].
• The limited effect of Clomid on hypothalamic tissue may mean that the pituitary gland is a more important target for this compound than is the hypothalamus [17].
• Fourteen days after Clomid treatment, levels of oestrogen receptors in nuclei from the uterus were still raised in all treatment groups, whereas replenishment of cytoplasmic receptors was complete in animals treated with the lower doses (100 and 250 micrograms) of Clomid [17].
• In vitro effects of estradiol-17beta (E(2)), the catecholestrogens 2-hydroxyE(2) (2-OHE(2)) and 2-methoxyE(2), and the nonsteroidal antiestrogen clomiphene citrate (clomid) on oocyte maturation were investigated in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis [19].

Associations of Clomid with other chemical compounds

• Mid-luteal phase serum progesterone, cortisol, and corticosteroid-binding globulin concentrations were measured in 46 conception cycles and in 19 ovulatory, non-conception cycles in patients with spontaneous ovulation and following ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) or human menopausal gonadotropin [20].
• Prednisolone supplementation to Clomid and/or gonadotrophin stimulation for in-vitro fertilization--a prospective randomized trial [21].
• However, whereas Clomid produced a decrease in the LH response to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH), no such effect was seen after the administration of tamoxifen [22].
• Endometrial samples were obtained from 49 subfertility patients on clomiphene citrate (Clomid) therapy admitted to hospital for dye laparoscopy [23].
• Hightened thyroidal activity and CR (conversion ratio of PB 131I in blood serum in relation to total serum 131I uptake) were noticed a week after clomid (150 microgram/fish/day) and sexovid (150 microgram/fish/day) treatment [24].

Gene context of Clomid

• No cyclic variation was observed in AR binding sites of women on Clomid therapy [23].
• It is concluded that a cyclic variation was observed in ER and PR binding sites in women on Clomid therapy [23].
• Radiation-sensitive mutants, uvrA and recA, were more sensitive to Clomid than the parental wild-type strain [5].
• It is concluded that a combined Clomid/HCG regimen can often be used as an effective alternative to bromocriptine therapy in the treatment of infertility associated with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea [4].
• The serum PRL levels were normal during the control cycle in five of the patients who ovulated with Clomid and high in four patients who failed to ovulate [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Clomid

• The duration and extent of retention of nuclear receptors and depletion of cytoplasmic receptors after treatment with Clomid were found to be dose-dependent [17].
• Ovarian stimulation in women was accomplished by administering Clomid followed by hMG or hCG or both [26].
• The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy rate in a gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program in patients receiving a contraceptive pill/Clomid/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) regimen (study group), with the standard Clomid/hMG regime (control group) [27].
• The effect of clomid induced superovulation on human follicular and luteal function for extracorporeal fertilization and embryo transfer [28].
• The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and reproductive outcome in clomiphene-citrate (CC)-resistant women with high body mass index (BMI) and primary infertility [29].

References