Disease relevance of Trilinolein

• Molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of trilinolein on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes [1].
• At 10(-7) g/kg, trilinolein completely suppressed all ventricular arrhythmias [2].
• However, the inhibitory effect of triolein (IC50=30 microM) was lower than that of trilinolein, even when the Streptomyces tyrosinase was used for the assay [3].
• After pretreatment for 15 min with trilinolein at a concentration of 10(-7) mol/l in isolated perfused rat heart which had been subjected to 60 min of global ischemia, the integrity of the rat heart mitochondria was preserved as examined under the electron microscope [4].
• However, trilinolein could improve ventricular depolarization and suppress ventricular extrasystoles [5].

High impact information on Trilinolein

• A mixture of CLA-triester/trilinolein (1:9), trilinolein or CLA-triester was separately subjected to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis in vitro to determine whether the lymphatic recovery of CLA was correlated with the initial step of digestion [6].
• Male broiler chickens were fed 8 g/100 g fat diets differing only in the fat source: palm oil (tripalmitin-rich), olive oil (triolein-rich), safflower oil (trilinolein-rich) and linseed oil (trilinolenin-rich) [7].
• All three acyl moieties of trilinolein are efficiently oxygenated by recombinant His-tagged lipid body lipoxygenase in vitro [8].
• Moreover, trilinolein oxygenation by soybean lipoxygenase-1 leads mainly to monohydroperoxy derivatives, whereas oxygenation by lipid body LOX leads to a trihydroperoxy derivative [8].
• The results suggest that dietary trilinolein inhibits the characteristic increase in liver G6PD, ME and total lipids upon starvation-refeeding [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Trilinolein

• The inhibitory effects of triolein and trilinolein found as the triacylglycerols were examined using tyrosinases from mushroom and Streptomyces castaneoglobisporus [3].
• This study demonstrated that trilinolein was not effective in terminating or preventing strophanthidin-induced ventricular tachycardia [5].
• In isolated cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with trilinolein at a low concentration of 10(-9) M effectively reduced 45Ca2+ influx stimulated by hypoxia/normoxia by 34% [10].
• Acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body weight) or oxidized lipids (0.15 ml oxidized trilinolein or 1.05 ml oxidized butter oil per rat) were intubated at 12-h intervals to rats [11].

Biological context of Trilinolein

• Similar changes were also observed in the gene expression of SOD in RBA; short-term (2 days) incubation of RBA by 0.1 microM trilinolein increased the mRNA level that was lowered in RBA received a long-term incubation with 0.1 microM trilinolein [12].
• Inhibitory effect of trilinolein on endothelin-1-induced c-fos gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes [13].
• Furthermore, trilinolein and N-acetylcysteine decreased angiotensin II- or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation, and activator protein-1 (AP-1)- [or nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)]-reporter activities [14].
• A reaction velocity curve of the enzyme with trilinolein showed saturation kinetics [15].
• The reaction products resulting from laccase-catalyzed reactions with trilinolein were analyzed using combined reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source [16].

Anatomical context of Trilinolein

• Adipose tissue G6PD and ME activities decreased slightly with increasing trilinolein in starved-refed rats, but did not decrease in ad libitum fed rats [9].
• This study confirmed the effect of CPB on erythrocyte deformability and showed that this damage could be significantly improved by mixing blood with trilinolein [17].
• In the cultured rat brain astrocytes (RBA), the activity of SOD (both Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD subtypes) was markedly increased by incubation with trilinolein at low concentration (0.1 microM) for 2 days [12].
• The inhibitory effect of trilinolein on neutrophil adhesion may play a role in its myocardial protective activity [18].
• Furthermore, the effect of trilinolein on infarct size was evaluated by occluding the coronary artery for 4 h before the infarct zone was stained and weighed [2].

Associations of Trilinolein with other chemical compounds

• Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in liver and adipose tissue: effect of dietary trilinolein level in starved-refed and ad libitum-fed rats [9].
• The in vitro effect of trilinolein, a triglyceride with linoleic acid as the major fatty acid residue in the esterified positions of glycerol, on erythrocyte deformability was studied in blood samples collected from 12 patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) [17].
• As judged from the kinetics of hydrolysis of rac-glyceryl-2,3-stearate-1-oleate and rac-glyceryl-1,3-stearate-2-oleate, and of trilinolein and dilinoleins, corn lipase exerted some degree of preference in releasing fatty acid from the primary than the secondary position of a triacylglycerol [19].
• This increase in superoxide production by ET-1 was significantly inhibited by trilinolein, diphenyleneiodonium, or N-acetylcysteine [13].
• After oxidation of the CRLPs, the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was increased by 6.3-fold and 2.2-fold in particles containing trilinolein and triolein respectively [20].

Gene context of Trilinolein

• We also examined the effects of trilinolein on ET-1-increased NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide formation [13].
• These data indicate that trilinolein inhibits ET-1-induced ERK phosphorylation, JNK phosphorylation, and c-fos gene expression via attenuating superoxide production in cardiomyocytes [13].
• Effect of trilinolein on the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase in cultured rat brain astrocytes [12].
• Antioxidant effects of Chinese traditional medicine: focus on trilinolein isolated from the Chinese herb sanchi (Panax pseudoginseng) [21].
• Both oxidation of HDL in the presence of Mn2+ and an association of apoA-I with autoxidized trilinolein strongly enhanced the binding of MAAI to apoA-I, suggesting that MAAI recognize a defined region of apoA-I, which is exposed upon interacting with oxidatively modified lipids [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Trilinolein

• However, after the levels of these parameters have been increased by feeding a fat-free diet they cannot be decreased by dietary trilinolein in 2 days [9].
• Emulsions containing a mixture of the trilinolein/triester of CLA (9:1) and a tri-[1-(14)C]-linoleyl-sn-glycerol tracer were administered by force-feeding [6].
• Trilinolein improves erythrocyte deformability during cardiopulmonary bypass [17].
• In isolated perfused rat heart subjected to 60 min global hypoxemia without reperfusion, pretreatment with 10(-7) M trilinolein for 15 min reduced infarct size by 37% [10].
• In rats subjected to 4 h coronary ligation, pretreatment with 10(-7) g/kg trilinolein at 15 min prior to the coronary ligation significantly reduced infarct size [2].

References