Disease relevance of Pnlip

• Pups nurtured by restricted dams had reduced body weights, intestinal lengths, hepatic and pancreatic weights, and specific activities of pancreatic lipase and small intestinal brush border sucrase and maltase [1].
• Esterase activity in children with cystic fibrosis was greatly reduced and paralleled tryptic and pancreatic lipase activity, which suggested that the esterase activity was pancreatic in origin [2].
• Inulin, which is a major component of Platycodi radix, had no effect on the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro, and did not prevent obesity or the fatty liver induced by the high fat diet [3].
• Despite a significant reduction in pancreatic lipase activity, the digestion of triglycerides proceeded normally in the zinc deficient rats, as evidenced by no apparent signs of diarrhea (or steatorrhea) and by the appearance of the hydrolytic products such as free-fatty acids and monoglycerides in the intestinal mucosa [4].
• Recombinant adenovirus containing the human pancreatic lipase cDNA (AdPL) was shown to transduce and mediate pancreatic lipase biosynthesis in rat IEC-6 epithelial cells in vitro [5].

High impact information on Pnlip

• Thus, the Pb PL functions as a lipase to damage cell membranes and facilitates sporozoite passage through cells during their migration from the skin to the bloodstream [6].
• Here we report the presence of a phospholipase on the surface of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites (P. berghei phospholipase; Pb PL) and demonstrate that it is involved in the establishment of a malaria infection in vivo [6].
• To study its role in vivo, we have disrupted the P. berghei PL open reading frame and generated mutants in its active site [6].
• Pb PL contains a motif characteristic of lipases and a catalytic triad of a serine, aspartate, and histidine that is found in several phospholipases [6].
• Amino acid sequence homology analysis revealed that the enzyme shares about 30% homology with mammalian lipases (lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and pancreatic lipase) [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pnlip

• The effect of long term administration of a synthetic cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist CR1505 (loxiglumide) on pancreatitis was examined in rats after pancreatic duct ligation (PL) with an internal bile fistula [8].
• Tetrahydrolipstatin (THL) derived by hydrogenation from lipstatin, a lipase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces toxytricini, has been shown to inhibit in vitro the activity of all three lipases secreted to the gastro-intestinal tract; gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase and carboxylester lipase (cholesterol ester hydrolase) [9].

Biological context of Pnlip

• We further showed that the Nidd6/of QTL completely cosegregates with Pnlip VNTR in the informative recombinants from (Nidd6/of congenic x F344) F1 x Nidd6/of congenic backcross progenies [10].
• Comparison of GP-3 nucleotide and amino acid sequence, along with pancreatic lipases of various species including rat, shows extensive homologies to both proteins and reveals an underlying diversity in the pancreatic lipase family [11].
• For determining the regulation of development and diet on PL, PLRP1, and PLRP2 as early as the suckling period, pregnant (Sprague-Dawley) rats consumed from day 15 (d15) of pregnancy through d9 of lactation a purified low (11% of energy) safflower oil diet [low-fat (LF)] [12].
• In conclusion, PL and PLRP2 gene expression is regulated anticoordinately by the amount of dietary polyunsaturated fat starting as early as the preweanling phase of development [12].
• The developmental gene expression of pancreatic lipase (PL) and its related proteins (PLRP1 and PLRP2) is anticoordinate [12].

Anatomical context of Pnlip

• We found that Pnlip possesses an OLETF allele-specific increase of mRNA levels in the pancreas, and that the OLETF allele is longer in variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) within the 5'-flanking region than normal alleles [10].
• MGAT activity was purified from rat intestinal mucosa by successive chromatography separations on DEAE-cellulose, CM- Sephadex, and anti-IgG-Sepharose against rat pancreatic lipase [13].
• The mechanisms of transport of pyridoxine (PN) and pyridoxal (PL) into erythrocytes have been investigated using the rapid-mixing technique with 3H-labeled substrates [14].
• The coordinated regulation of cholesterol esterase with another lipid digestive enzyme, the pancreatic lipase, suggested an important role for these proteins in dietary lipid absorption through the gastrointestinal tract [15].
• Short- and long-chain homologues as well as optical isomers of the fluorogenic alkyldiacyl glycerols were hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and lipo-protein lipase at highly different rates depending on the substrate or enzyme preparation and source (e.g., postheparin plasma or cultured cells) [16].

Associations of Pnlip with chemical compounds

• Trioleoylglycerol- and dioleoylglycerol-hydrolyzing activities of the purified enzyme and pancreatic lipase were inhibited by addition of intestinal mucosa extract [13].
• When the phosphorylation of [3H]PN was reduced by adding 160 microM unlabeled PN, PL, PM, or 4'-deoxypyridoxine, the cell:medium concentration ratio for 3H did not exceed unity [14].
• The relation of activity to the methyl butyrate concentration differed from those for pancreatic lipase and liver esterase [17].
• It is suggested that high serum cholesterol concentrations and increased pancreatic lipase activity could cause accumulation of cholesterol esters in acinar cells [18].
• The amino acid sequence of mature rat lingual lipase consists of 377 residues and shares little homology with porcine pancreatic lipase apart from a short region containing a serine residue at an analogous position to the ser 152 of the porcine enzyme [19].

Regulatory relationships of Pnlip

• In contrast, the synthesis of pancreatic lipase and proelastase 2 is regulated by secretin [20].
• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulates pancreatic lipase and colipase synthesis in rats [21].

Other interactions of Pnlip

• Pnlip encoding pancreatic lipase is possible candidate for obesity QTL in the OLETF rat [10].
• A new alkaline lipase was detected in rat brain and its properties were compared with those of the well-characterized pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 [22].
• Two model substrates, rac-1-(3-phenoxy-[ring-14C]benzoyl)-2,3-dipalmitoyl glycerol (1(3PBA)DPG) and sn-2-(3-phenoxy-[ring-14C]benzoyl)-1,3-dipalmitoyl glycerol (2(3PBA)DPG), were compared with tri[1-14C]palmitoylglycerol or tri[9,10(n)-3H]oleoylglycerol as substrates for pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase [23].
• The pancreas contains three homologous proteins, colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase (PL) and two recently described pancreatic lipase-related proteins, PLRP1 and PLRP2 [24].
• Similarly, secretin is implicated in the regulation of pancreatic lipase synthesis [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pnlip

• The band produced by the enzyme on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was identical to that of the rat pancreatic lipase when detected by immunoblotting analysis using an antibody against pancreatic lipase [22].
• Lipase activities of the cytosolic fraction (the supernatant obtained by differential centrifugation of 100,000g) were stimulated by addition of colipase and bile salts and inhibited by addition of an antibody against rat pancreatic lipase [22].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Procolipase, the cofactor for pancreatic lipase, was recently found in the rat stomach using immunohistochemistry [26].
• Urine analysis after oral administration of MIPAG thus appears to be an attractive new techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase activity by a simple urine analysis [27].
• This study explored the potential of using the gene therapy approach, based on adenovirus-mediated expression of pancreatic lipase in the hepatobiliary tract, to increase lipid digestion in the intestinal lumen and promote lipid absorption through the gastrointestinal tract [5].

References