Disease relevance of Palmitin

• In order to develop a simple and accurate screening test for steatorrhea, the authors compared quantitative stool fat excretion with breath excretion of 14CO2 after the ingestion of 14C-labeled trioctanoin, tripalmitin, or triolein [1].
• Our results suggest that rats fed tripalmitin showed a reduction of lipid peroxidation induced by inflammation or by iron overload, because of the lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet, although tripalmitin usually increases the iron stores in the body and causes hepatic alterations [2].
• Maldigestion and malabsorption of 13C labelled tripalmitin in gastrostomy-fed patients with cystic fibrosis [3].
• The study evaluates the capability of tripalmitin nanoparticles in enhancing the tumor uptake of etoposide, and the influence of administration route on the biodistribution and tumor uptake of etoposide loaded tripalmitin (ETPL) nanoparticles in Dalton's lymphoma tumor bearing mice [4].
• 14C Tripalmitin was administered intraperitoneally to control mice and to mice bearing subcutaneous Krebs-2 carcinoma [5].

Psychiatry related information on Palmitin

• The difference between the effect obtained with triolein and trilinolein on the one hand and trierucin and tripalmitin on the other was observed also in experiments with lower concentrations of fat in the diet and in experiments with different lighting conditions and feeding patterns [6].

High impact information on Palmitin

• With respect to the lipid class of the acyl donor, the rate of ester formation decreases in the order phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than N,N,-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylglycerol - phosphatidic acid greater than phosphatidylserine greater than dipalmitin greater than tripalmitin [7].
• Trimyristin and tripalmitin caused significant rises in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which were accompanied by significant reductions in hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels [8].
• The thermodynamic parameters of the O perpendicular packings of these compounds compared to those of the higher homologue, tripalmitoylglycerol, suggest that the O perpendicular subcell is more stable in PP12 and PP14 [9].
• Formation of crystalline tripalmitin-rich spicules in isolated hepatocytes [10].
• Treatment of mixtures of glycerol tripalmitate and rac-glycerol 1,2-dipalmitate 3-phytanate with pancreatic lipase demonstrated that phytanic acid retarded the release of palmitic acid esterified in the same triacylglycerol [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Palmitin

• The animals were 6 weeks old and about 120 g of body weight, and were fed on test diets containing 20% of a mixture of tripalmitin, tristearin and corn oil (SFA), olive oil (OLI), sunflower oil (SUN), linseed oil (LIS), and sardine oil (SAR) for 2 weeks [12].
• To determine the relative rates of lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues in obesity, we measured uptake and oxidation of free palmitate or tripalmitin into tissue slices in vitro [13].

Biological context of Palmitin

• Thus, ingestion of a tripalmitin diet reduced the substrate for lipid peroxidation, as shown by the decrease in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma and conjugated dienes in hepatic microsomal fraction [2].
• For lipid (tripalmitin), 96.3 kJ/ATP was required whereas for amino acids energy expenditures varied between 99.2 (glutamate) and 153.2 kJ/ATP (cysteine) [14].
• 3. Maize oil more effectively reduced in vivo hepatic lipogenesis than tripalmitin in meal-fed mice [15].
• Inclusion of increasing amounts of cholesterol in diets containing 20% fat (50% TO plus 50% TP or TS) caused down-regulation of HMGCoAR and LDLR genes and up-regulation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene for both fats [16].
• Acetone powder preparations from the roots of white mustard (Sinapis alba L) seedlings efficiently catalyse the esterification of [1-14C]n-hexadecanol in the presence of tripalmitoylglycerol as the fatty acid source [17].

Anatomical context of Palmitin

• Tripalmitin model membranes were irradiated with 100 keV-electrons in an electron microscope [18].
• The profile of fatty acids present in plasma and in microsomes changed in rats fed the tripalmitin diet [2].
• Except for tripalmitin and tristearin, dietary lipids significantly altered the fatty acid profiles of the total lipids in plasma, spleen and thymus [19].
• The sardine oil diet, by lessening alpha-tocopherol and raising the degree of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, augments iron absorption, whereas the tripalmitin diet, by protecting erythrocyte membranes from lipid peroxidation, leads to a lower rate of iron absorption [20].
• Structured lipids (SLs) containing palmitic, oleic, stearic, and linoleic acids, resembling human milk fat (HMF), were synthesized by enzymatic acidolysis reactions between tripalmitin, hazelnut oil fatty acids, and stearic acid [21].

Associations of Palmitin with other chemical compounds

• Fish oil, rich in 20- and 22-carbon polyenic fatty acids, was more effective than safflower oil, whereas tripalmitin and triolein were without effect [22].
• When trimyristin or tripalmitin were fed at the 10% level for 14 days, addition of essential fatty acid, at the level of minimum daily requirement (1% was replaced by safflower oil), did not affect the enzyme activity [23].
• PURPOSE: The impact of drug incorporation on melt-homogenized tripalmitin nanoparticles is investigated with ubidecarenone as a model drug [24].
• The acidolysis reactions were performed by incubating 1:1.5:0.5, 1:3:0.75, 1:6:1, 1:9:1.25, and 1:12:1.5 substrate molar ratios of tripalmitin/hazelnut oil fatty acids/stearic acid in 3 mL of n-hexane at 55, 60, and 65 degrees C using 10% (total weight of substrates) of Lipozyme RM IM for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h [21].
• A significant increase in dispersion viscosity was found in the triglyceride sequence trimyristin < tripalmitin < tristearin [25].

Gene context of Palmitin

• Serum PON1 activity in tripalmitin-fed rats was comparable to that of controls (67 +/- 9) [26].
• Tripalmitin was the most hypercholesterolaemic of the saturated fats, causing dose-dependent increases in LDL and HDL cholesterol which correlated with decreases in the expression of HMGCoA reductase and LDL receptor genes [16].
• The levels of hepatic LCAT mRNA and hepatic SR-B1 receptor protein did not differ between rats fed TP and MO [27].
• Lipolytic activity, tested with doubly labeled 3H glyceryl-14 C tripalmitin substrate, was 55.6 +/- 11.7 n mol/min/ml (range 4.2 to 140) [28].
• The values for transcription rates of FAS and S14 (a putative lipogenic protein) in rats fed menhaden oil were only 6 and 21%, respectively, of the rates in rats fed the tripalmitin diet (p less than 0.02) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Palmitin

• Radiation damage in tripalmitin layers studied by means of infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy [18].
• lung slices from rats fed a fat-free diet supplemented with safflower oil (control) or tripalmitoylglycerol (essential fatty acid [EFA]-deficient) were incubated with [14C]acetate, [14C]palmitate, or [14C]stearate [30].
• In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, the effect of saturated long-chain phospholipids on the crystallization of nanoparticles based on trilaurin, trimyristin, tripalmitin and tristearin was studied [31].
• The phase behavior of mixtures of palmitic acid (PA) and 1-monohexadecanoyl-rac-glycerol, palmitin, was studied by phase contrast microscopy and deuterium solid-state NMR [32].
• Gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of 13C-labelled tripalmitin during rehabilitation from childhood malnutrition [33].

References