Disease relevance of Lufenuron

• Twenty-one adult horses received 1 of 3 PO lufenuron treatment regimens: 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) q24h for 3 days, 20 mg/kg BW q24h for 3 days, or 60 mg/ kg BW q24h for 1 day [1].
• CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that oral or SC administration of lufenuron to cats, at the dosages used and under the conditions of this study, did not prevent establishment of dermatophytosis following exposure to infected cats [2].
• Toxicity bioassays showed that lufenuron was the most toxic (LC(50) = 0.098 ppm) [3].
• Use of lufenuron as a treatment for fungal endometritis in four mares [4].
• Lufenuron and tick paralysis [5].

High impact information on Lufenuron

• Cyp12a4 confers lufenuron resistance in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster [6].
• Expression of Cyp12a4 in D. melanogaster third-instar larvae was detected in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of both lufenuron-resistant and wild-type strains [6].
• Isocratic analysis was carried out by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm to analyse captan, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, lufenuron and diafenthiuron [7].
• The insecticides spinosad, diazinon, nitenpyram, lufenuron and dicyclanil did not induce any P450, GST or esterase gene expression after a short exposure to high lethal concentrations of insecticide [8].
• Fungal colonies isolated from diseased equine corneas were tested against lufenuron solutions up to 700 microg/mL [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lufenuron

• Dogs of subgroups A, C, E, and G were treated with lufenuron monthly at a minimal target dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight; those of subgroups B, D, F, and H were treated with excipient tablets [9].
• Investigations were carried out to study the effect of these fungi on the toxicity of endosulfan, imidacloprid, lufenuron, diflubenzuron, dimethoate and oxydemeton methyl against 10-11 days old larvae of Spilarctia obliqua (Walker) [10].

Biological context of Lufenuron

• Driving the expression of Cyp12a4 in the midgut and Malpighian tubules by using the GAL4/UAS gene expression system results in lufenuron resistance, but it does not result in resistance to three other insecticide classes [6].
• In vitro, lufenuron had no effect upon fungal cell growth [11].
• OBJECTIVES: To identify the lowest single dose of lufenuron injected s.c. that results in a 90% disruption of the flea (Ctenocephalides felis) life cycle for 6 months in cats [12].
• Estimation of neonatal exposure after accidental ingestion of lufenuron in a breastfeeding mother [13].
• Lufenuron fed to adults at 10 ppm reduced their fecundity and fertility, but it did not affect adult longevity [14].

Anatomical context of Lufenuron

• The chorion of lufenuron-treated larvae consisted of an outer layer, middle and inner layers that were thinner and less electron dense than those of controls, and lacked the innermost chorionic layer found in the control larvae [15].
• An unexpected result of lufenuron treatment was the inhibition of midgut epithelial cell differentiation [16].
• Electron micrographs showed that lufenuron often disrupted formation of the endocuticle resulting in the deposition of an amorphous mass of randomly oriented chitin microfibrils [17].
• Microscopic examination of unhatched larvae, revealed that the cuticle epidermal cells, chorion, and vitelline membrane all were affected by lufenuron treatment [15].
• Dermatophyte cultures isolated from clinical cases were exposed to lufenuron by three different methods: direct application and application of whole blood or subcutaneous tissue samples obtained from a lufenuron-treated healthy dog [18].

Associations of Lufenuron with other chemical compounds

• OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of monthly treatments with imidacloprid (an adulticide) or lufenuron (an insect development inhibitor) for protecting cats against Ctenocephalides felis felis in a simulated home environment [19].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the in vitro antifungal properties of lufenuron and nikkomycin Z against isolates of Coccidioides immitis and Aspergillus fumigatus when used singly and in combination with the azole antifungal agent itraconazole [20].
• All the pairs died within 8 mo. in the diflubenzuron and lufenuron treatments, even after treatment was suspended at the end of 6 mo [21].
• Lufenuron is a newly marketed benzoylphenyl urea chitin-synthesis inhibitor insecticide that is effective against certain insects, including Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) [22].
• However, lufenuron and monocrotophos had no effect on the parasitoid pupae of T. pretiosum developing in E. kuehniella eggs [23].

Gene context of Lufenuron

• One exception was lufenuron, which caused no significant toxicity to the host cells and expressed approximate MIC50 values of 2.95 micrograms/ml and 6.3 micrograms/ml against E. intestinalis and V. corneae, respectively [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lufenuron

• Control cats received the injectable formulation without lufenuron [12].
• RESULTS: Lufenuron injected once at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg, but not at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg, resulted in a 90% decrease in number of adult fleas emerging from eggs for 196 days after treatment [12].
• Cats were treated once by oral administration of lufenuron suspension in doses ranging from 51.2 to 266 mg/kg (23.3 to 120.9 mg/lb) [25].
• Reinfestations performed during weeks 19 and 26 were well controlled (ie, > 90% reduction in flea counts, compared with control group) in both groups of cats treated with lufenuron [26].
• Dose titration of an injectable formulation of lufenuron in cats experimentally infested with fleas [12].

References