Disease relevance of Chorion

• We measured total, active, and inactive (pro-) renin in maternal serum, fetal arterial and venous blood, and chorion homogenate in eight normotensive term patients and 18 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension [1].
• The expression of activin beta A subunit and activin receptor type II and type IIB mRNAs was assessed by reverse transcriptase-PCR on specimens of amnion and chorion collected from patients delivering at term or undergoing preterm labor [2].
• CONCLUSION: In the near-term ovine fetus, hypoxia induced vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression in the amnion, chorion, and placenta [3].
• PRL resistance developing subsequent to this chorion laeve receptor defect might produce the excessive amniotic fluid volume characteristic of polyhydramnios [4].
• The aim of this study was to assess apoptosis of the amnion and the chorion in relation to ROM and chorioamnionitis (CAM) [5].

High impact information on Chorion

• This phenomenon may reflect the separation of the chorion from the decidual layer of the uterus, with the release of intact or degraded chorionic components of the extracellular matrix into the cervical and vaginal secretions [6].
• To determine if the sequences bound by the particles play a role in RNA processing, we have correlated the nascent transcript morphology of Drosophila chorion s36-1 and s38-1 genes with their nucleotide sequences [7].
• Clones corresponding to two distinct A1 and A2 chorion genes have been isolated from a cDNA library in Drosophila melanogaster and characterized by hybrid-selected translation and blotting-hybridization analysis [8].
• Drosophila bearing the ocelliless mutation underproduce two major chorion proteins both of which map near this gene [9].
• Mash-2 transcripts are found in the female germ line and in the embryo throughout preimplantation development, but are highly expressed later only in the ectoplacental cone, the chorion and their derivatives in the placenta [10].

Biological context of Chorion

• Two major developmentally regulated isoforms of the Drosophila chorion transcription factor CF2 differ by an extra zinc finger within the DNA binding domain [11].
• Expression and localization of human oxytocin receptor mRNA and its protein in chorion and decidua during parturition [12].
• Mutations in the Drosophila dE2F1 and dDP genes affect the origin recognition complex (DmORC) and initiation of replication at the chorion gene replication origin [13].
• The role of ACE3 in Drosophila chorion gene amplification [14].
• Drosophila origin recognition complex (ORC) localizes to defined positions on chromosomes, and in follicle cells the chorion gene amplification loci are well-studied examples [15].

Anatomical context of Chorion

• In a minority of VCAM-1-deficient embryos, the allantois was able to fuse with the chorion, but the allantoic mesoderm was abnormally distributed over the chorionic surface [16].
• Furthermore, it inhibits endothelial cell morphogenesis on Matrigel and VEGF-A-dependent vascularization of chick chorion allantoid membrane [17].
• Within the placenta, expression was particularly high in trophoblast giant cells but moderate levels were also observed in trophoblast cells of the chorion at embryonic day 8.5, and later in the labyrinth which arises from the attachment of the chorion to the allantois (a process called chorioallantoic fusion) [18].
• No statistically significant changes were found in the arachidonic acid content of the other lipid fractions of either amnion or chorion laeve [19].
• MMP-9 protein and mRNA were co-localized in amnion epithelium, underlying macrophages and chorion laeve trophoblast and decidual cells after labor [20].

Associations of Chorion with chemical compounds

• Bromodeoxyuridine, origin recognition complex, and the elongation factors minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM)2-7 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were precisely localized, and the DNA copy number along the third chromosome chorion amplicon was quantified during multiple developmental stages [21].
• The Hc protein sequence has evolved from a family of more ordinary chorion genes, in large part through fixation of mutations leading to enhanced cysteine content [22].
• The mutation of a highly conserved tyrosine residue in the ETS DNA-binding domain of the Elg gene product demonstrates that normal gene function is required for proper follicle cell migration, chorion formation, and nurse cell-chromosome decondensation during Drosophila oogenesis [23].
• Cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher in female twins when data was combined over chorion type [24].
• We have previously shown that one type of high-cysteine silkmoth chorion protein (Hc-A) has evolved from the A family of chorion proteins by radical modifications of the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal polypeptide arms: most of the arm sequences have been deleted, while short cysteine- and glycine-containing repeats have expanded into long arrays [25].

Gene context of Chorion

• In the ovary, the sub-nuclear distribution of ORC1 shifts during a developmentally regulated switch from endoreplication of the entire genome to amplification of the chorion gene clusters [26].
• The parent construct supported 18- to 20-fold amplification, and contained the 320 bp ACE3, the approximately 1.2 kb S18 chorion gene and the 840 bp ori-beta [27].
• Antibody to the origin recognition complex subunit 2 (ORC2) recognizes large foci that localize to the endogenous chorion gene loci and to active transgenic constructs at the beginning of amplification [27].
• Combined activities of Gurken and decapentaplegic specify dorsal chorion structures of the Drosophila egg [28].
• E2f2 mutant females display a 50% reduction in chorion gene amplification, and lay poorly viable eggs with a defective chorion [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chorion

• Sequence analysis of the 5' end of the E1 gene has identified an intron near the end of the signal peptide-encoding region, a feature shared with other chorion genes [30].
• A system of nomenclature for all chorion proteins is presented, based on their separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate and isoelectric focusing gels [31].
• The basal output of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha was lower in placenta or chorion collected at spontaneous labor than in that obtained at elective cesarean section [32].
• In situ hybridization indicated that the expression of both PGHS mRNAs increased in the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells of the amnion and the chorion laeve at term [33].
• The expression of inhibin/activin alpha, beta A, and beta B subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) and the localization of immunoreactive material were evaluated in amnion and chorion collected at term pregnancy by a Northern blot analysis and by immunohistochemistry [34].

References