Disease relevance of FODIPIR

• METHODS: Six episodes of acute pancreatitis were repeatedly induced at weekly intervals in mice receiving either recombinant TGF-beta (4 micrograms in 4 days) or excipient alone at each induction [1].
• Likewise, animals bearing MCA-105 and -106 sarcomas treated with 6 to 10 micrograms rHTNF had significantly increased survival compared with excipient-treated control animals [2].
• Twenty-four hours after embolization and treatment with either thrombolytic agent or excipient, the brains are removed, fixed, and evaluated for cerebral hemorrhage [3].
• Purulent sputa from 18 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were incubated with either rhDNase (4 microg/ml) or control excipient [4].
• Hypophysectomized rats were given daily sc injections of excipient, hGH, rhGHBP, or rhGH plus rhGHBP (produced in Escherichia coli) for 7 days [5].

High impact information on FODIPIR

• Moreover, the combination of IL-2 excipient and LAK cells or IL-2 and irradiated LAK cells did not produce a fluid leak [6].
• In dogs, percutaneous intramuscular injection of t-PA in excipient without enhancers did not lead to early elevations of human t-PA in plasma, although late elevations were seen [7].
• In addition, rhTNF-alpha had no effect on the integrity of a syngeneic neonatal s.c. heart graft (graft survival at 60 days, excipient, 35 of 36 versus rhTNF-alpha, 30 of 33) [8].
• IL-2, 10(5) units/kg (n = 6), or its excipient control (n = 5) was given as an i.v. bolus over 2 min [9].
• Nonadherent BALB/c splenic lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing Cetus RIL-2 (700 to 1000 units/ml) or excipient control [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of FODIPIR

• This suggests that the efficiency of cholestyramine-based bile salt sequestering drugs used in the reduction of hypercholesterolemia may be improved by eliminating citric acid as an excipient and avoiding the use of fruit juices during ingestion [11].
• Anaphylaxis to excipient mannitol: evidence for an immunoglobulin E-mediated mechanism [12].
• In addition to a suitable extracellular drying excipient, a key factor for anhydrobiotic engineering of gram-negative enterobacteria seems to be the generation of high intracellular concentrations of the nonreducing disaccharide trehalose, which can be achieved by osmotic induction [13].
• These properties, together with the very safe toxicity profile, makes chitosan an exciting and promising excipient for the pharmaceutical industry for present and future applications [14].
• The low toxicity of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, when administered via the parenteral route, and its ability to enhance the aqueous solubility of carbamazipine highly favor the use of this excipient [15].

Biological context of FODIPIR

• All were in a stable clinical state at the commencement of the study, and they received (1) rhDNase 2.5 mg twice daily, (2) rhDNase once daily, or (3) placebo (excipient only) inhalation [16].
• This study of healthy volunteers shows that the relative bioavailability of albendazole formulations that use arachis oil-polysorbate 80 or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as an excipient was enhanced 4.3- and 9.7-fold compared to the results seen with commercial tablets [17].
• When a high content of a water-insoluble excipient (i.e., microcrystalline cellulose) was used to fabricate the tablets, the release kinetics deviated from linearity (n = 0.73) [18].
• The physical state of lactose remained constant throughout the duration of the study, and the rate of hydrolysis was not significantly different from the control formulation containing no excipient [19].
• Prednisolone's therapeutic indications and therapeutic index, pharmacokinetics, and the possibility of excipient interactions were also taken into consideration [20].

Anatomical context of FODIPIR

• To eliminate possible contributions to increased permeability by (a) LAK cells generated in vivo, or (b) circulating leukocytes, we isolated lungs from normal rats and perfused them for 5 min with a cell-free perfusate containing IL-2 (2, 10, or 5 X 10(-3) U/ml) excipient or 0.9% NaCl placebo [21].
• G-CSF triggered marked recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs), particularly immature CD11c(lo)B220(+) plasmacytoid DCs, with reduced costimulatory signal expression and higher interferon-alpha but lower interleukin-12p70 release capacity than DCs in excipient-treated mice [22].
• It also did not prevent the T-lymphocyte recruitment associated with HP, although these cells did not proliferate in response to the F. rectivirgula antigen, in contrast to BAL cells from F. rectivirgula-challenged mice treated with excipient only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[23]
• Biodegradable controlled-release microspheres made with the biocompatible biodegradable polyester excipient poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) represent a new technology for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) [24].
• In other experiments, animals were gavaged with Scios SD-169 (10 or 30 mg/kg) or excipient (PEG300) 1 day before and daily after crush injury to the sciatic nerve [25].

Associations of FODIPIR with other chemical compounds

• Lactose with various particle sizes was used as the excipient, and water was used as a wetting agent [26].
• Chitosan has been investigated as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industry, to be used in direct tablet compression, as a tablet disintegrant, for the production of controlled release solid dosage forms or for the improvement of drug dissolution [14].
• The effects of excipient crystallinity and water content on the physical stability of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in a spray-dried powder for inhalation have been investigated. sCT was dissolved in water with and without mannitol and then spray dried using a Büchi 190 spray dryer [27].
• BSA microspheres containing the stabilizing excipient trehalose have a higher alpha-helix content than those without excipient, suggesting that trehalose partially prevents the denaturing effects incurred during processing [28].
• Promoter- and strain-selective enhancement of gene expression in a mouse skeletal muscle by a polymer excipient Pluronic P85 [29].

Gene context of FODIPIR

• IL-2, but not the excipient detergents included in the rIL-2 preparation, induced the synthesis of both cytokines [30].
• Other groups received hGH (500 microg/day, sc, bid), recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF)-1 (750 microg/day, sc, infusion) or excipient, alone or in combination [31].
• These MPO levels contrasted with our earlier studies in normal rats which revealed no significant difference in tissue MPO levels following injection of excipient or rTNF-alpha [32].
• Preparation of excipient-free recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator by lyophilization from ammonium bicarbonate solution: an investigation of the two-stage sublimation phenomenon [33].
• The recombinant production of the VP1 protein offers a save way to obtain a highly purified, non pathogenic pharmaceutical excipient [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of FODIPIR

• Following a 1-h postinfusion survival time, the brain tissue of five rIL-2 infused and three excipient infused animals was processed and examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy for evidence of altered cerebrovascular permeability to systemically circulating horseradish peroxidase [35].
• FTIR imaging shows great promise in its ability to visualize the drug and excipient distribution in pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets and therapeutic transdermal systems, as well as to reveal the mechanism of drug release [36].
• Addition of excipient stabilized the secondary structure upon lyophilization to a varying extent depending on the formulation [37].
• The polymer generated within this study represents a promising novel excipient for various drug delivery systems in which in situ gelling properties are favorable [38].
• Four intact and four ovariectomized heifers received subcutaneous injection of bGH (15 mg/day) for 15 weeks starting at 176 +/- 3 days of age (147 +/- 3 kg body weight), while the remaining eight heifers received an equal volume of excipient [39].

References