Disease relevance of Cdh4

• R-cadherin exclusively rescued formation of striated muscle and epithelia in the teratomas [1].

High impact information on Cdh4

• Cell-substratum adhesivity was varied through the poly(ethylene glycol) content of a series of copolymeric substrata, whereas cell-cell cohesiveness was varied through the expression of the homophilic cohesion molecules N- and R-cadherin by otherwise noncohesive L929 cells [2].
• N-cadherin is a member of the cadherin cell-cell adhesion receptor family that includes P-, E-, and R-cadherin and liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM) [3].
• These mice appeared to be healthy and were fertile, demonstrating that R-cadherin is not essential for embryogenesis [4].
• The distinct expression of R-cadherin in the induced aggregating metanephric mesenchyme suggests that it may regulate the mesenchymal-epithelial transition during kidney development [4].
• In ventricular cells of the mouse telencephalon, differential expression of cadherin cell adhesion molecules defines neighbouring regions; R-cadherin delineates the future cerebral cortex, while cadherin-6 delineates the lateral ganglionic eminence [5].

Biological context of Cdh4

• We also located the mouse R-cadherin gene to chromosome 2 [6].
• Thus, the cell binding specificity of R-cadherin is entirely conserved between the two species, suggesting a conserved role for this protein in morphogenesis [6].
• In vitro translation of the cDNA indicated that mouse R-CAD enters the secretory pathway and undergoes posttranslational glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage [7].
• A hitherto uncharacterized rodent sequence was detected which was then cloned from a mouse insulinoma cDNA library and shown to be the mouse equivalent of chicken retina CAD (R-CAD) [7].
• We isolated mouse cDNAs encoding a cadherin with 94% identity in amino acid sequence to the chicken R-cadherin, and defined this molecule as mouse R-cadherin [6].

Anatomical context of Cdh4

• R-CAD mRNA was distributed widely in mouse tissues with high levels present in brain, skeletal muscle, and thymus [7].
• Molecular cloning of mouse pancreatic islet R-cadherin: differential expression in endocrine and exocrine tissue [7].
• Weak R-cadherin staining was first found in the vesicle stage, becoming restricted to glomerular visceral epithelial cells (VEC) during the S-shaped body stage [8].
• In contrast, R-cadherin expression was induced in the embryonic thyroid coinciding with the onset of folliculogenesis and was maintained in the adult thyroid along with E-cadherin [9].
• We compared the expression pattern of cad11 with that of R-cadherin in the diencephalon and found that each cadherin delineated a unique set of diencephalic subdivisions [10].

Associations of Cdh4 with chemical compounds

• Retrograde labeling of the optic nerve with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3', tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) followed by in situ hybridization confirmed that a subset of retinal ganglion cells in the embryo expressed R-cadherin message [11].

Regulatory relationships of Cdh4

• In the avian neostriatum, cadherin-7-positive cell clusters ("islands") are surrounded by a matrix of cells that express R-cadherin [12].

Other interactions of Cdh4

• L cells transfected with the mouse R-cadherin cDNA acquired a cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesiveness as found for other cadherins [6].
• R-cadherin is a Pax6-regulated, growth-promoting cue for pioneer axons [13].
• By using cell labelling analyses in the whole embryo culture system, we demonstrated that the interface between R-cadherin and cadherin-6 expression is a boundary for cell lineage restriction at embryonic day 10 [5].
• During early stages of pancreas development (E10.5) R-cadherin is expressed in most hormone-producing cells in addition to in primitive duct-like cells [14].
• Moreover, the boundary between cortical and striatal regions of the telencephalon is dramatically altered in Small eye: radial glial fascicles do not form at the border, and the normal expression of R-cadherin and tenascin-C at the border is lost [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cdh4

• 5. Interestingly, when a group of cells with exogenous cadherin-6 were generated to straddle the cortico-straital boundary by electroporation at embryonic day 11.0, ectopic cadherin-6-expressing cortical cells were sorted into the striatal compartment, and the reverse was the trend for ectopic R-cadherin-expressing striatal cells [5].
• In immunoprecipitation, cadherin-4 co-precipitated with two major proteins of 105 kDa and 95 kDa, respectively [16].

References