Disease relevance of Crip

• When cDNA fragments encoding the four cysteine-rich ligand-binding repeats in megalin were expressed in a baculovirus system and immunoblotted with AC10, it recognized only the second cluster of ligand-binding repeats [1].
• Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) is a trimeric ligand for the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain of the mammalian p75 neurotrophin receptor [2].
• As controls, CRIP cells expressing retrovirus carrying lacZ marker gene (CRIP-lacZ) or saline (Hanks balanced salt solution, HBSS) were injected [3].
• Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins that appear to play an important role in the cellular defense system against cadmium toxicity [4].
• BACKGROUND: Resistin, a newly discovered cysteine-rich hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissues, has been proposed to form a biochemical link between obesity and type 2 diabetes [5].

Psychiatry related information on Crip

• The localization of CRIP in Paneth cells and its presence in mononuclear cells suggests that CRIP may be involved in host defense mechanisms and/or tissue differentiation/remodeling processes common to these cell types [6].

High impact information on Crip

• The binding of PKC epsilon to actin required that the kinase be activated, presumably to expose a cryptic binding site that we have identified and shown to be located between the first and second cysteine-rich regions within the regulatory domain of only this individual isoform of PKC [7].
• EF hand motifs, cysteine-rich zinc finger-like sequences, and putative ATP-binding site were all conserved among these isozymes [8].
• Regulation of cysteine-rich intestinal protein by dexamethasone in the neonatal rat [9].
• A similar developmental pattern of CRIP protein levels was also detected by an increase in zinc binding to CRIP-containing HPLC fractions of intestinal cytosol [9].
• CRIP mRNA and protein levels increased in the rat small intestine throughout the suckling period, reaching highest levels by the late weanling stage [9].

Biological context of Crip

• Cysteine-rich intestinal protein contains a recently identified conserved sequence of histidine and cysteine residues, the LIM motif, which our results suggest confers metal-binding properties that are important for zinc transport and/or functions of this micronutrient [10].
• CRIP promoter constructs fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene and transfected into IEC-6 cells confirmed glucocorticoid responsiveness and the presence of negative acting elements [11].
• Cloning and initial characterization of the promoter region of the rat cysteine-rich intestinal protein gene [11].
• Analysis of the 2644 bp of the 5'-flanking region of the CRIP gene revealed that the CRIP promoter lacks classical CAAT and TATA boxes but contains GC-rich regions in the proximal end of the promoter that probably function in transcription initiation [11].
• Our results showed that the developmental regulation of CRIP in neonates was not influenced by conventional vs. specific pathogen-free housing conditions [12].

Anatomical context of Crip

• In this report we show that CRIP mRNA levels are induced by dexamethasone in cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) [11].
• This cDNA encodes a 359-amino-acid membrane protein of peroxisomes with two transmembrane segments and a cysteine-rich zinc finger, the RING motif [13].
• Mutational analysis of cysteine-rich domains of the epithelium sodium channel (ENaC). Identification of cysteines essential for channel expression at the cell surface [14].
• VPC derived from the murine NIH-3T3 cell line, including PA317, Psi CRIP, and GP + E-86, were effectively killed in sera from Old World primates, including human and baboon [15].
• No changes in CRIP mRNA level were seen in either liver or thymus [16].

Associations of Crip with chemical compounds

• These lysine- and cysteine-rich sequences define a novel family of differentiation/growth factors, which are conserved in their structures from mammals to amphibians [17].
• Functional interaction of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase with sperm mitochondrion-associated cysteine-rich protein discloses the adjacent cysteine motif as a new substrate of the selenoperoxidase [18].
• Glypicans are major cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the structures of which are characterized by the presence of a cysteine-rich globular domain, a short glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attachment region, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor [19].
• Both enzymes have cysteine-rich C1 domains (C1A, C1B, and C1C) in the regulatory region [20].
• Cloning of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase (DGKtheta) containing three cysteine-rich domains, a proline-rich region, and a pleckstrin homology domain with an overlapping Ras-associating domain [21].

Other interactions of Crip

• Microsequence analysis of the protein purified by gel-filtration HPLC and SDS/PAGE showed complete identity within the first 41 N-terminal amino acids with the deduced protein sequence of cysteine-rich intestinal protein [Birkenmeier, E. H. & Gordon, J. I. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 2516-2520] [10].
• Cysteine-rich intestinal protein and intestinal metallothionein: an inverse relationship as a conceptual model for zinc absorption in rats [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Crip

• Mobility-shift assays revealed the presence of nuclear factors that bind to the CRIP promoter as a result of dexamethasone treatment [11].
• Metallothioneins, a group of cysteine-rich heavy-metal binding proteins, are induced in the regenerating rat liver in response to the stimuli evoked by partial hepatectomy [23].
• Residues in the second cysteine-rich region of protein kinase C delta relevant to phorbol ester binding as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis [24].
• Immunocytochemistry showed that, in adherent mononuclear cells, CRIP protein was localized in the cytoplasm [16].
• Southern blot analysis revealed cross hybridization of a probe for the rat cysteine rich region, to human, mouse, rabbit, and porcine genomic DNA; the rat tandem repeat probe hybridized with mouse and rabbit only [25].

References