Disease relevance of AVP

• During dehydration, CSF-AVP levels also rose, becoming significantly greater than control levels (p less than 0.01) after 3 days without water and further increasing to reach 15.2 +/- 1.83 microU/ml after 4 days without water (p less than 0.001) [1].
• The main focus of the present study was to evaluate the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP), previously shown to be increased in the brain during ischemia and to promote edema formation, on activity of the BBB cotransporter [2].
• TAH implantation caused systemic and pulmonary hypertension (P less than 0.01), salt retention, edema, and significant elevations of plasma renin, aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin [3].

Psychiatry related information on AVP

• Plasma concentrations of AVP increased with water deprivation (P = 0.006) [4].

High impact information on AVP

• The organization of these precursors has been established by sequence determination of cloned bovine cDNAs encoding prepro-arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II (prepro-AVP-NPII) and prepro-oxytocin-neurophysin I (prepro-OT-NPI) [5].
• The sequence of a cDNA encoding the nonapeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its carrier protein, neurophysin II (NpII) from bovine hypothalamus, proves that the 166-amino acid precursor molecule contains a signal peptide of 19 amino acids followed directly by AVP connected to NpII by a Gly-Lys-Arg sequence [6].
• In the dog the most conspicuous difference between synthetic arginine vasopressin and the new vasopressin peptides was the smaller pressor responses to natriuretic doses of the new compounds [7].
• Furthermore, SR 49059 inhibited AVP-induced human platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 3.7 +/- 0.4 nM, while OPC-21268 was inactive up to 20 microM [8].
• Solubilized noncovalent complexes of [Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP) with receptor proteins from rat liver membranes were isolated by selective binding to silica-immobilized antisense (AS) peptide [9].

Biological context of AVP

• Scatchard plots showed that each ligand interacted with a single high-affinity, low-capacity binding site: oxytocin dissociation constant (Kd) 3.1 +/- 0.29 nmol/l, maximum binding capacity (Bmax) 89.6 +/- 18.4 fmol/mg protein (n = 3); AVP Kd 0.73 +/- 0.02 nmol/l, Bmax 26.5 +/- 8.3 fmol/mg protein (n = 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[10]
• The extracted AVP and oxytocin had identical retention times to those of the synthetic peptides on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were biologically active in assays for antidiuretic and milk-ejection activity (with potencies of 310 units/mg and 340 units/mg respectively) [10].
• We studied the interaction properties of synthetic antisense (AS) peptides encoded in the antisense strand of DNA corresponding to the N-terminal 20-residue sequence of the biosynthetic precursor of Arg8-vasopressin (AVP) and its binding protein bovine neurophysin II (BNPII) [11].
• In vitro biosynthesis and processing of composite common precursors containing amino acid sequences identified immunologically as neurophysin I/oxytocin and as neurophysin II/arginine vasopressin [12].
• Because bovine ovaries produce oxytocin and arginine vasopressin the results suggest a paracrine or autocrine role for these neuropeptides in luteolysis and ovulation [13].

Anatomical context of AVP

• Oxytocin, NpI and AVP were assayed in five subcellular fractions of bovine adrenal medulla prepared on discontinuous sucrose gradients [10].
• The concentrations of immunoreactive oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) and their respective neurophysins (NpI and NpII) were compared in bovine adrenal cortex and medulla [10].
• Arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in the bovine adrenal gland [10].
• Binding of [3H]arginine vasopressin (AVP) and [3H]oxytocin to primary monolayer cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was time-dependent, and the binding sites for each peptide were specific and saturable [14].
• We conclude that the endometrial OT and AVP receptor concentrations are more tightly controlled by progesterone than myometrium, and that the bovine conceptus suppresses endometrial OT and AVP receptor concentrations in the preattachment stage either by a local action on the endometrium or indirectly via an antiluteolytic effect [15].

Associations of AVP with chemical compounds

• The binding sites were specific and saturable: studies with the V1 AVP antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP and the V2 agonist 1-deamino-8-D-AVP indicated that the AVP receptor was V1 in specificity [10].
• Addition of AVP (1, 10, 100 or 1000 pM/ml) inhibited progesterone and stimulated a surge in estradiol, while steroid hormones did not induce AVP release [16].
• The physiological consequences of these AVP-induced changes in inositol phosphate concentrations remain to be elucidated [14].
• The influence of these steroids on OT and AVP release was also evaluated [16].
• In vivo, SR 49059 inhibited the pressor response to exogenous AVP in pithed rats (intravenous) and in conscious normotensive rats (intravenous and per os) with a long duration of action (> 8 h at 10 mg/kg p.o) [8].

Physical interactions of AVP

• In bovine ovary the number of arginine vasopressin binding sites was approximately 50% lower than oxytocin binding sites and the cyclic variations were not significant [13].
• Antisera of high avidity were obtained from rabbits that had been injected with AVP coupled to bovine thyroglobulin [17].

Other interactions of AVP

• Starting from the 2.8-A resolution x-ray structure of bovine rhodopsin, three-dimensional molecular models of the complexes between arginine vasopressin and two receptor subtypes (V(1a), V(1b)) have been built [18].
• It is concluded that arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulate the release of endothelin-1 by a common mechanism, involving receptor-mediated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C in endothelial cells [19].
• Basic peptides (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, bull seminal isoinhibitors of trypsin, arginine vasopressin and adamantylamide-alanylisoglutamine) were analysed with a cationic ITP system at acidic pH [20].
• Approximately 75 pmol was collected from eight pooled glands. beta-Endorphin is an addition to the list of peptide hormones (e.g., methionine-enkephalin, adrenocorticotropin, arginine-vasopressin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, beta-lipotropin and somatostatin) previously discovered in IGC by this laboratory [21].
• Relation of endogenous systemic and brain angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin and prolactin with the genesis of salt appetite in cattle [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AVP

• We describe a specific double-antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring arginine vasopressin (AVP) in human plasma [17].
• Fractions of gel chromatography effluent and extract of SDS-PAGE gel slices were subjected to RIA for immunoreactive precursors of AVP, AVP-NP, OT, and OT-NP using specific antisera fro each molecule [23].
• Binding affinities of sense polypeptides AVP and BNPII with AS peptides were measured by analytical affinity chromatography, in each case by the extent of chromatographic retardation of a soluble polypeptide interactor on an affinity matrix containing the other interactor as the immobilized species [11].
• Sequential immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the Mr 21,000 product is a common precursor to neurophysin II and arginine vasopressin [24].
• Results obtained comparing measurements of AVP in rat neural lobes by RIA and rat vasopressor assay show a correlation between RIA and bioassay of 0.9406, a slope of 1.086, and an intercept of 20 mU, suggesting good agreement for AVP determined by these two assay systems [25].

References