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Gene Review

OXT  -  oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide

Bos taurus

Synonyms: OT-NPI, OTNPI
 
 
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Disease relevance of OXT

  • We present a Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of the following proteins containing S-S group(s): alpha chymotrypsin (alpha-CHT), insulin, lysozyme, oxytocin (OXT), Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), and trypsin inhibitor (STI) [1].
  • Mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of diabetes insipidus mutations were probed by studying their effects on the properties of bovine oxytocin-related neurophysin [2].
  • To address this issue, the disulfide-rich precursor of oxytocin-associated bovine neurophysin was expressed in Escherichia coli and folded in vitro to yield milligram quantities of purified protein; evidence of significant impediments to yield resulting from damage to Cys residues is presented [3].
  • Concentrations of 10(-10) mol/l to 10(-1) mol/l suppressed progesterone secretion in a log dose-related manner (r = 0.97) with evidence of toxicity (lower oxytocin concentrations and significantly reduced DNA compared with controls) [4].
  • Endometria from pregnant cows did not respond to oxytocin when perifused at 39 degrees C. However, PGF secretion rates from endometrium of pregnant cows increased (P less than 0.01) in response to oxytocin when perifused under heat stress conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[5]
 

Psychiatry related information on OXT

 

High impact information on OXT

 

Chemical compound and disease context of OXT

 

Biological context of OXT

  • The extracted AVP and oxytocin had identical retention times to those of the synthetic peptides on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were biologically active in assays for antidiuretic and milk-ejection activity (with potencies of 310 units/mg and 340 units/mg respectively) [17].
  • Scatchard plots showed that each ligand interacted with a single high-affinity, low-capacity binding site: oxytocin dissociation constant (Kd) 3.1 +/- 0.29 nmol/l, maximum binding capacity (Bmax) 89.6 +/- 18.4 fmol/mg protein (n = 3); AVP Kd 0.73 +/- 0.02 nmol/l, Bmax 26.5 +/- 8.3 fmol/mg protein (n = 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[17]
  • In the present study, the oestrogen-dependent up-regulation of the bovine oxytocin promoter is investigated in MDA-MB 231 cells [18].
  • Transcriptional activation of the oxytocin promoter by oestrogens uses a novel non-classical mechanism of oestrogen receptor action [18].
  • Oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in bovine endometrium and myometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy [19].
 

Anatomical context of OXT

 

Associations of OXT with chemical compounds

 

Physical interactions of OXT

 

Enzymatic interactions of OXT

  • The oxytocin precursor was cleaved off the fusion protein by cyanogen bromide treatment, chromatographed on FPLC columns and identified by Western blot analysis, using antibodies raised against neurophysin [28].
 

Regulatory relationships of OXT

 

Other interactions of OXT

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of OXT

  • The specificity of the immunoprecipitation was demonstrated by competition with excess amounts of unlabeled neurophysin II or arginine vasopressin; little or no competition was observed with unlabeled neurophysin II or arginine vasopressin; little or no competition was observed with unlabeled neurophysin I or oxytocin [35].
  • Fractions of gel chromatography effluent and extract of SDS-PAGE gel slices were subjected to RIA for immunoreactive precursors of AVP, AVP-NP, OT, and OT-NP using specific antisera fro each molecule [36].
  • In the present experiments we studied basal, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-stimulated and ascorbate-stimulated OXT release from individual bovine luteal cells utilizing the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) [37].
  • Oxytocinyl-GKR was shown by analytical affinity chromatography to bind noncovalently to neurophysin with an affinity close to that of mature oxytocin [38].
  • When activin-A was withdrawn from the cell culture after 72 h and the incubation continued for a further 72 h, a recovery in OT was seen on day 4 and 5 after activin-A doses of 0.1-1 ng/ml, but not after higher doses (3 and 10 ng/ml) [39].

References

  1. Adsorption of S-S containing proteins on a colloidal silver surface studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Podstawka, E., Ozaki, Y., Proniewicz, L.M. Applied spectroscopy. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Effects of diabetes insipidus mutations on neurophysin folding and function. Eubanks, S., Nguyen, T.L., Deeb, R., Villafania, A., Alfadhli, A., Breslow, E. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression, folding, and thermodynamic properties of the bovine oxytocin-neurophysin precursor: relationships to the intermolecular oxytocin-neurophysin complex. Eubanks, S., Lu, M., Peyton, D., Breslow, E. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  4. Direct stimulation of bovine ovarian progesterone secretion by low concentrations of alpha-interferon. Luck, M.R., Shale, J.A., Payne, J.H. J. Endocrinol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  5. Prostaglandin secretion by endometrium of pregnant and cyclic cattle at day 17 after oestrus in response to in-vitro heat stress. Putney, D.J., Gross, T.S., Thatcher, W.W. J. Reprod. Fertil. (1988) [Pubmed]
  6. Physiological regulation of maternal behavior in heifers: roles of genital stimulation, intracerebral oxytocin release, and ovarian steroids. Williams, G.L., Gazal, O.S., Leshin, L.S., Stanko, R.L., Anderson, L.L. Biol. Reprod. (2001) [Pubmed]
  7. Feeding during milking enhances milking-related oxytocin secretion and milk production in dairy cows whereas food deprivation decreases it. Svennersten, K., Gorewit, R.C., Sjaunja, L.O., Uvnäs-Moberg, K. Acta Physiol. Scand. (1995) [Pubmed]
  8. Uterotonic effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin on the postpartum cow. Eiler, H., Hopkins, F.M., Armstrong-Backus, C.S., Lyke, W.A. Am. J. Vet. Res. (1984) [Pubmed]
  9. Mammary cisternal size, cisternal milk and milk ejection in Murrah buffaloes. Thomas, C.S., Svennersten-Sjaunja, K., Bhosrekar, M.R., Bruckmaier, R.M. J. Dairy Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Relationship between uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha induced by oxytocin and endogenous concentrations of estradiol and progesterone at three stages of the bovine estrous cycle. Silvia, W.J., Taylor, M.L. J. Anim. Sci. (1989) [Pubmed]
  11. Recent gene conversion involving bovine vasopressin and oxytocin precursor genes suggested by nucleotide sequence. Ruppert, S., Scherer, G., Schütz, G. Nature (1984) [Pubmed]
  12. Brattleboro rat adrenal contains vasopressin. Nussey, S.S., Ang, V.T., Jenkins, J.S., Chowdrey, H.S., Bisset, G.W. Nature (1984) [Pubmed]
  13. The gene for the hypothalamic peptide hormone oxytocin is highly expressed in the bovine corpus luteum: biosynthesis, structure and sequence analysis. Ivell, R., Richter, D. EMBO J. (1984) [Pubmed]
  14. Hormonal modulation of phagocytosis and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis In bovine peripheral blood monocytes. Feola, R.P., Collins, M.T., Czuprynski, C.J. Microb. Pathog. (1999) [Pubmed]
  15. Effects of oxytocin on cloprostenol-induced luteolysis, follicular growth, ovulation and corpus luteum function in heifers. Tallam, S.K., Walton, J.S., Johnson, W.H. Theriogenology (2000) [Pubmed]
  16. Atosiban, an oxytocin receptor blocking agent: pharmacokinetics and inhibition of milk ejection in dairy cows. Wellnitz, O., Bruckmaier, R.M., Albrecht, C., Blum, J.W. J. Dairy Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  17. Arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in the bovine adrenal gland. Nussey, S.S., Prysor-Jones, R.A., Taylor, A., Ang, V.T., Jenkins, J.S. J. Endocrinol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  18. Transcriptional activation of the oxytocin promoter by oestrogens uses a novel non-classical mechanism of oestrogen receptor action. Koohi, M.K., Ivell, R., Walther, N. J. Neuroendocrinol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  19. Oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in bovine endometrium and myometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Fuchs, A.R., Behrens, O., Helmer, H., Liu, C.H., Barros, C.M., Fields, M.J. Endocrinology (1990) [Pubmed]
  20. Simultaneous measurement of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in plasma and neurohypophyses by radioimmunoassay. Landgraf, R. Endokrinologie. (1981) [Pubmed]
  21. Oxytocin antagonist [1-D(CH2)5,Tyr(ME)2,Thr4,Tyr-NH2(9)]ornithine vasotocin inhibits oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2alpha release in late-pregnant cows. Fuchs, A.R., Fields, M.J., Chang, S.M., Thatcher, W.W., Willard, C.C., Randel, R.D. Biol. Reprod. (1997) [Pubmed]
  22. Deduced amino acid sequence from the bovine oxytocin-neurophysin I precursor cDNA. Land, H., Grez, M., Ruppert, S., Schmale, H., Rehbein, M., Richter, D., Schütz, G. Nature (1983) [Pubmed]
  23. The interrelationships between nonapeptide and steroid hormones secretion by bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Sirotkin, A.V., Nitray, J. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  24. Oxytocin and vasopressin binding sites in human and bovine ovaries. Fuchs, A.R., Behrens, O., Helmer, H., Vangsted, A., Ivanisevic, M., Grifo, J., Barros, C., Fields, M. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  25. Variations in oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin concentrations in the bovine ovary during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Wathes, D.C., Swann, R.W., Pickering, B.T. J. Reprod. Fertil. (1984) [Pubmed]
  26. Changes in oxytocin receptor in bovine preovulatory follicles between the gonadotropin surge and ovulation. Jo, M., Fortune, J.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  27. Physiological mechanisms of pregnancy recognition in ruminants. Bazer, F.W., Thatcher, W.W., Hansen, P.J., Mirando, M.A., Ott, T.L., Plante, C. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. (1991) [Pubmed]
  28. Expression of the bovine hypothalamic hormone oxytocin precursor in Escherichia coli. Nörenberg, U., Brunath, A., Richter, D. Biochimie (1988) [Pubmed]
  29. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta and nerve growth factor on the secretory function of the bovine corpus luteum in vitro. Miyamoto, A., Okuda, K., Schweigert, F.J., Schams, D. J. Endocrinol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  30. Functional expression of the oxytocin receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes primed with mRNA from bovine endometrium. Morley, S.D., Meyerhof, W., Schwarz, J., Richter, D. J. Mol. Endocrinol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  31. Down-regulation of oxytocin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin F synthase expression by interferon-tau in bovine endometrial cells. Xiao, C.W., Murphy, B.D., Sirois, J., Goff, A.K. Biol. Reprod. (1999) [Pubmed]
  32. Receptor stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells: the effects of bradykinin, bombesin and neurotensin. Bunn, S.J., Marley, P.D., Livett, B.G. Neuropeptides (1990) [Pubmed]
  33. Secretory activity of bovine ovarian granulosa cells transfected with sense and antisense insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 and the response to IGF-I, GH, LH, oxytocin and oestradiol. Sirotkin, A.V., Makarevich, A.V., Corkins, M.R., Kotwica, J., Kwon, H.B., Bulla, J., Hetényi, L. J. Mol. Endocrinol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  34. Accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcripts in uterine tissues of pregnant and parturient cows: stimulation by oxytocin. Fuchs, A.R., Rust, W., Fields, M.J. Biol. Reprod. (1999) [Pubmed]
  35. Immunological identification of a common precursor to arginine vasopressin and neurophysin II synthesized by in vitro translation of bovine hypothalamic mRNA. Schmale, H., Richter, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1981) [Pubmed]
  36. Putative precursors of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysins in the rat hypothalamus. Rosenior, J.C., North, W.G., Moore, G.J. Endocrinology (1981) [Pubmed]
  37. Demonstration of oxytocin release by bovine luteal cells utilizing the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Jarry, H., Hornschuh, R., Pitzel, L., Wuttke, W. Biol. Reprod. (1992) [Pubmed]
  38. Pituitary enzyme conversion of putative synthetic oxytocin precursor intermediates. Kanmera, T., Chaiken, I.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1985) [Pubmed]
  39. Activin-A inhibits oxytocin and progesterone production by preovulatory bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Shukovski, L., Findlay, J.K. Endocrinology (1990) [Pubmed]
 
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