Disease relevance of VTN

• Vitronectin receptor has a role in bone resorption but does not mediate tight sealing zone attachment of osteoclasts to the bone surface [1].
• At this age, vitronectin immunoreactivity appeared to be located predominantly in the fiber and inner plexiform layers of the differentiated stratified retina. alpha v immunoreactivity and mRNA expression was seen associated with all layers formed by differentiated neurons, being most abundant in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers [2].
• We have recently reported that the nuclei of B16 melanoma cells are intensely stained with anti-rat vitronectin (Vn) antibody, which reacts with both mouse and rat Vn [3].

High impact information on VTN

• Function-perturbing antibodies were used to show that integrins containing the beta 1 subunit mediate HD11 cell attachment to several distinct extracellular matrix proteins, specifically fibronectin, collagen, vitronectin, and fibrinogen [4].
• Adhesion of a chicken myeloblast cell line to fibrinogen and vitronectin through a beta 1-class integrin [4].
• Results using function-blocking antibodies also demonstrate that on these cells, additional receptors for vitronectin are formed by alpha v beta 3 and alpha v associated with an unidentified 100-kD beta subunit [4].
• Vitronectin receptor has previously been shown to be expressed in osteoclasts and it has been suggested that it mediates the tight attachment at the sealing zone [1].
• These results demonstrate that vitronectin stimulates the differentiation of motor neurons in vitro and in vivo [5].

Biological context of VTN

• In vitro HKa or D5 inhibits endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin and fibrinogen, resulting in anokis and apoptosis [6].
• Likewise, RGD-containing matrix proteins vitronectin, thrombospondin, and fibronectin all displayed IC50 greater than or equal to 100 nM [7].
• Developmentally regulated vitronectin influences cell differentiation, neuron survival and process outgrowth in the developing chicken retina [2].
• Vitronectin is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of the immune system and blood coagulation [2].
• Our data suggest that vitronectin is a ubiquitous component of the retinal extracellular matrix, serving as a substrate for developmental processes such as proliferation, differentiation of neuron progenitors, cell survival, and axonal and dendritic growth of differentiated neurons [2].

Anatomical context of VTN

• Furthermore, treatment of embryos with anti-vitronectin antibodies results in a substantial and specific reduction in the number of motor neurons generated in vivo [5].
• When added to cultures of neural tube explants of developmental stage 9, vitronectin promotes the generation of motor neurons in the absence of either notochord or exogenously added Sonic hedgehog [5].
• When the vitronectin receptor was localized by immunofluorescence in rat and chicken osteoclasts cultured on bone slices, it was found to be distributed throughout the osteoclast cell membrane except in the sealing zone areas [1].
• It seems likely that the form of vitronectin found in chick egg yolk plasma by Nagano et al [8].
• The overexpression of syndecan-4 core protein in these mutant cells increases cell spreading and is sufficient for these cells to assemble actin stress fibers and focal adhesions similar to wild-type cells seeded on fibronectin and vitronectin matrices [9].

Associations of VTN with chemical compounds

• Yolk vitronectin. Purification and differences from its blood homologue in molecular size, heparin binding, collagen binding, and bound carbohydrate [10].
• Yolk vitronectin was purified 2,500-fold from chick egg yolk by a combination of hydroxylapatite, DEAE-cellulose, and anti-vitronectin-Sepharose column chromatographies [10].
• Most importantly, induction of alpha v mRNA by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was mirrored by higher levels of expression of alpha v beta 3 on the cell surface, as well enhanced attachment to its substrate, vitronectin [11].
• Quantitative analyses revealed major differences in the variety of serum proteins adsorbed to each of the immobilized indole analogs and in particular major differences in the amounts of adsorbed vitronectin [12].
• S12911-2 dose-dependently inhibited, after a 6-day exposure, the expression of carbonic anhydrase II and vitronectin receptor in stimulated osteoclasts (46% and 40%, respectively, at 10(-3) M Sr(2+), P<0.05) [13].

Other interactions of VTN

• Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence for a potential role of the IGFII-VN complex during the EndoMT process [14].
• We used immunohistochemistry to determine if several potential ligands (fibronectin, tenascin, vitronectin, and osteopontin) were expressed during neuronal migration along radial glia (RG) [15].
• E7-RGCs developed better on thrombospondin and vitronectin [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VTN

• Furthermore, genomic Southern blot studies suggest that nectinepsin and vitronectin are encoded by different genes [8].
• A detailed investigation employing different serum compositions combined with cell blotting and immunoblotting techniques revealed that adhesion of cells to each of the immobilized indole analogs was mediated by vitronectin and fibronectin [12].
• Western blot analysis showed that a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 75 kDa (p75), which was distinct from Vn, existed in the nuclear fraction, and, more specifically, in the nuclear matrix fraction, of NIH3T3 cells [3].

References