Disease relevance of SYT1

• Immunoblots confirmed the high specificity of the anti-STI/II-C2A antibody and showed the expression of synaptotagmin I or II in chick dorsal root ganglion neurons [1].

High impact information on SYT1

• In the presence of suboptimal amounts of S100betabeta, FK506, cyclosporin A, and cypermethrin (but not rapamycin) also increased NF-kappaB activity, as measured by immunofluorescence of cells stained with antibody to the active subunit (p65) and by immunoblotting of nuclear extracts [2].
• This activity is common to v-Rel, c-Rel, p52 (p49/lyt10), RelA (p65) and the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. The second promotes transcriptional activation in undifferentiated F9 cells and maps 3' to the RHR, a region essential for the transforming activity of v-Rel [3].
• Our results suggest that contact with targets upregulates syt I gene expression during neuromuscular synapse formation in vivo, and that a later stage of synaptic maturation involves changes in SVP isoform abundance [4].
• Target contact regulates expression of synaptotagmin genes in spinal motor neurons in vivo [4].
• Extirpation of the limb bud prior to motor axon outgrowth eliminates the increase in syt I mRNA ipsilaterally [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of SYT1

• Synaptotagmin I (Syt I), a possible Ca(2+) sensor for neurotransmitter release, was suggested to be involved in neurite outgrowth of chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, based on introduction of the antibody against the C2A domain into cells via mechanical lesions [5].

Biological context of SYT1

• However, proteins with which STG interacts during SV endocytosis remain poorly understood [6].
• All of the sequenced peptides, and 12 additional mass-mapped peptides, are found within the open reading frame of a cDNA encoding synaptotagmin B (Sp-SynB) [7].
• Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total RNA from chick retina and tectum revealed first transcripts for amphiphysin, dynamin and synaptotagmin at embryonic day 5 (E5) for both regions [8].
• To explore the temporal and spatial patterns of dynamin I distribution in neuronal morphogenesis, we compared the developmental expression of dynamin with the expression of presynaptic membrane proteins such as SV2, synaptotagmin, and syntaxin in the chick primary visual pathway [9].
• Two additional neuronal markers, synaptotagmin 1 and neurexin 1, are expressed at low to undetectable levels in developing chromaffin cells throughout embryogenesis [10].

Anatomical context of SYT1

• RNase protection assays for p65 and the two isoforms of synaptophysin II (Bixby, 1992) show essentially coordinate increases of these three mRNAs in embryonic forebrain during the peak period of synaptogenesis (E17 to E20) [11].
• BACKGROUND: The integral synaptic vesicle protein and putative calcium sensor, synaptotagmin 1 (STG), has also been implicated in synaptic vesicle (SV) recovery [6].
• These results indicate that the p65 and c-Rel could be components of the protein complexes that bind to the kappa B-like sequence and this binding could contribute to the progressively activated expression of the lysozyme gene during the terminal differentiation of macrophages [12].
• These results showed that the C2A domain of synaptotagmin I or II plays a crucial role in neurite outgrowth [1].
• The optic tract was stained for SV2 and synaptotagmin between E7 and E12, for syntaxin until the posthatching period [13].

Associations of SYT1 with chemical compounds

• In fact, overexpression of p65 and c-Rel stimulates expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene controlled by the lysozyme promoter [12].
• Six monoclonal antibodies, directed against glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunits, the intracellular receptor-associated protein gephyrin, synaptotagmin, and synaptophysin were used to determine the initial appearance and distribution of their antigens [14].
• Moreover, GluR2/3 and GluR4 receptor subunit clusters in principal cell bodies and dendrites were localized at sites contacted by biocytin-labeled vestibular nerve terminals and synaptotagmin-labeled terminals [15].

Other interactions of SYT1

• The induced retina displays the typical multilayered cytoarchitecture and expresses late neuronal differentiation markers such as synaptotagmin and islet-1 [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SYT1

• Quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICA/ICQ method) at an isolated calyx-type presynaptic terminal indicates that this complex is associated with STG at the presynaptic transmitter release face but not with STG on intracellular synaptic vesicles [6].
• To test this idea, we analyzed the developmental expression pattern of synaptotagmin (syt) mRNAs in the chick lateral motor column (LMC) using in situ hybridization [4].
• 2. Western blots and immunohistochemical localization indicated that synaptotagmin 1 and synapsin IIa were detectable at stages 34-35 and were clearly localized at the nerve terminals by stage 37 [17].
• A fusion protein containing the RHD of chicken p65 was found to bind to a consensus kappa B-site in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) [18].
• Sequence analysis showed that chicken p65 is approximately 55% identical to the mouse and human p65 proteins, and contains the Rel homology domain (RHD) in its N-terminal 286 amino acids (aa) and the putative transactivation domain in its C-terminal region [18].

References