Disease relevance of Vestibular Nerve

• In the lateral vestibular nucleus, hypoxia inhibited postsynaptic components of the evoked field potential, spike generation of monosynaptic neurons on vestibular nerve stimulation, and firing induced by iontophoretic application of glutamate [1].
• The earliest responses were invariably absent on the side of a previous vestibular nerve section but were preserved in profound sensorineural or conductive hearing loss [2].
• Differentiation of primary human vestibular nerve schwannomas (VS) caused by mutations of the NF2 gene was evaluated by examining the expression patterns of genes that are specifically expressed in different stages of Schwann cell lineage [3].
• At this location MF field potentials were evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve and of the C2 dorsal root ganglion [4].
• Control of vertigo was good to excellent in 95% of the patients treated with vestibular nerve section and in 80% of the patients treated with gentamicin [5].

High impact information on Vestibular Nerve

• Likewise, it seems clear that an excitatory amino acid, probably glutamate, is the major transmitter used by the vestibular nerve in its synapses with neurones of the brainstem vestibular nucleus [6].
• Immunocytochemical studies using antibodies to the NF2 protein showed complete absence of staining in tumor Schwann cells, whereas staining was observed in normal vestibular nerve [7].
• Electrophysiological recordings from abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons revealed a marked reduction in the slow positivity of the orthodromic extracellular potential elicited by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation following systemic administration of strychnine, an antagonist of glycine [8].
• Secretory function of the vestibular nerve calyx suggested by presence of vesicles, synapsin I, and synaptophysin [9].
• 4. The reversal potentials for responses to ionophoretically applied glycine and GABA average about --83 mV, the same as that for the inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.) produced in Müller cells by stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Vestibular Nerve

• The central projection of vestibular nerve fibers was investigated with anterograde axonal transport of wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and tritiated leucine following injection in the vestibular ganglion [11].

Biological context of Vestibular Nerve

• In E7 and E8 preparations, we identified two components of the optical response with cochlear or vestibular nerve stimulation; one was a fast spike-like signal related to the action potential, and the other was a slow signal related to the glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential [12].
• The association of these receptors with large-diameter vestibular nerve afferent fibers suggests that fast NMDA receptor kinetics might be matched to the more phasic response dynamics of the large diameter vestibular afferent neurons to natural head accelerations [13].
• Five of 25 patients (20%) in the gentamicin treatment group and 1 of 39 (3%) in the vestibular nerve section treatment group had an increase in bone-conduction threshold greater than 30 dB [5].

Anatomical context of Vestibular Nerve

• This transient asymmetry of glutaminase activities in the vestibular nuclei contrasts with the sustained asymmetry in the vestibular nerve root and suggests that intrinsic, commissural, or descending pathways are involved in the recovery of chemical symmetry [14].
• A fraction of nerve fibers transiently stains GABA-positive in all cranial motor nerves and in the vestibular nerve [15].
• The effects of stimulation of the vestibular nerve, spinal trigeminal nucleus, facial and hypoglossal nuclei of the cranial nerves on the neuronal activity in the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters were studied in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone [16].
• 2. Stimulation of the anterior branch of the vestibular nerve typically produced EPSPs, bilaterally, in neck, shoulder (DOR), and forelimb extensor (TRI, RAD) motoneurons, and bilateral IPSPs in forelimb adductor (PED) and flexor (ULN, COR) motoneurons [17].
• The results were in some ways consistent with results previously reported for cat, e.g., very low activities of both enzymes were found in the auditory nerve root, and also in the vestibular nerve root, except where acetylcholinesterase-positive centrifugal fibers are located, very high activities were found in the facial nerve system [18].

Associations of Vestibular Nerve with chemical compounds

• This negative correlation could have resulted from a preferential activation of NMDA receptors via thick vestibular nerve afferent fibers [13].
• The responses of these cells to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing current pulses and their postsynaptic responses to vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded, while simultaneously biocytin was injected for subsequent morphogenetic analysis [19].
• Stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve evoked IPSPs at 1.4 ms that were reversed after injection of current and/or chloride ions. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) antibodies labeled inhibitory neurons in vestibular subdivisions with axons projecting into the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) [20].
• In Scarpa's ganglion of the rat, all cells were immunoreactive for glutamate, about 12% for colocalized glycine, and none for GABA or beta-alanine [21].
• In the majority of LVN polysynaptic neurons that responded to antidromic stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral abducens nucleus, orthodromic spikes elicited by vestibular nerve stimulation were inhibited by DR conditioning stimulation and the iontophoretic application of 5-HT [22].

Gene context of Vestibular Nerve

• Dlx5 expression is also seen in the lagena macula and the cochlear and vestibular nerves by stage 30 [23].
• OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify genes of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb)-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway that are deregulated in vestibular schwannomas when compared with normal vestibular nerve tissues [24].
• Strong labelling for AQP4 and AQP4-mRNA was associated with the central part of the cochlear and vestibular nerves [25].
• Nearly all of Scarpa's ganglion neurons were NR1 immunoreactive, but there was a subset of NR2A non-immunoreactive neurons [26].
• Cyclin D(3) staining was taken up in the nucleus of schwannoma tumor cells in greater proportion than Schwann cells of adjacent vestibular nerve [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Vestibular Nerve

• Effects of unilateral vestibular ganglionectomy on glutaminase activity in the vestibular nerve root and vestibular nuclear complex of the rat [14].
• Axonal transport of tritiated leucine by the vestibular nerve was observed in regions of the ipsilateral lateral cuneate nucleus (LCN) that were determined electrophysiologically to receive somatosensory input from the neck and shoulder and to respond to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve [28].
• The results of streptomycin perfusion of the labyrinth are comparable to those of other treatments, including endolymphatic shunt and vestibular nerve section [29].
• To further examine this possibility, a microdialysis study using alpha-chloralose-anesthetised cats was performed to elucidate whether glutamate is released from the vestibular nerve terminal in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) [30].

References