Disease relevance of MRC1

• Expression and function of the mannose receptor CD206 on epidermal dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases [1].
• BACKGROUND: The administration of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been associated with adverse neurologic events, including seizures [2].
• The number of febrile seizures attributable to the administration of DTP and MMR vaccines was estimated to be 6 to 9 and 25 to 34 per 100,000 children, respectively [2].
• A study of 301 children who had been immunized two to 19 months previously with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 36 different sites in San Antonio, Tex, including physicians' offices and clinics, revealed that 99.7% had antibody against rubella and 98.3% had antibody against measles and mumps [3].
• Falls in levels of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunisation in the UK and the continuing debate on how to respond to this situation emphasise the importance of identifying and understanding the factors that affect the uptake of recommended childhood immunisations [4].

Psychiatry related information on MRC1

• Self-assessment of immediate post-vaccination pain after two different MMR vaccines administered as a second dose in 4- to 6-year-old children [5].
• AIMS: To explore parents' accounts of decision making relating to the MMR vaccine controversy, identifying uptake determinants and education needs [6].
• For mild mental retardation (MMR; that is, IQ = 50 to 75), prevalence was 3.54/1000, and for severe mental retardation (SMR; that is, IQ < 50), it was 3.64/1000 [7].
• Although organic and psychological factors are very important, the study of MMR needs to recognize its primarily social nature, reflecting determinants of selection into MMR status in legal, organizational and professional structures, activities and attitudes characteristic of particular communities and cultures [8].

High impact information on MRC1

• Antibody response following customary use of MMR vaccine [9].
• Neomycin sensitivity and the MMR vaccine [10].
• RPC components include the essential initiation and elongation factor, Cdc45, the checkpoint mediator Mrc1, the Tof1-Csm3 complex that allows replication forks to pause at protein-DNA barriers, the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) and Ctf4, which helps to establish sister chromatid cohesion [11].
• Mrc1 associates with Cds1 and is required for regulation of Cds1 by the checkpoint kinase Rad3 [12].
• We propose that coordinated expression of Mrc1 with replication control proteins helps to ensure activation of the appropriate checkpoint response during DNA replication [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of MRC1

• An enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories), was evaluated for its determination of MICs of 15 antimicrobial agents against Chlamydia trachomatis (MRC-1, LB, TRIC/GB/MRC-1 Gf [ATCC VR-1]) [13].
• Of the 35 such patients, 24 had thrombocytopenia after MMR vaccination giving an estimated ITP risk of approximately 1 in 30,000 MMR inoculations [14].
• STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: We selected epidemiological studies with original data on the correlation between vaccination with diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT), measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in infancy and the development of allergic diseases, and assessed their quality and validity [15].
• RESULTS: Distinct rises in the incidence of T1DM occurred 2-4 years following the introduction of the MMR and pertussis vaccines [16].

Biological context of MRC1

• Mrc1 is regulated by the cell cycle, with the appearance of Mrc1 mRNA and protein coinciding with S phase [12].
• Here we describe a novel checkpoint gene in fission yeast, mrc1 (mediator of replication checkpoint), that confers activation of the checkpoint kinase Cds1 to DNA synthesis (S) phase [12].
• CD206-mediated endocytosis, assessed by dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate uptake, was demonstrated in inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells but not in Langerhans cells [1].
• CD206-independent uptake of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow, a pinocytosis marker, was demonstrated in both Langerhans cells and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells [1].
• These data suggest that macrophage activation by IFN-gamma can enhance resistance to C. albicans infection in spite of downregulation of the MMR, perhaps through enhanced coupling of the MMR to microbicidal functions [17].

Anatomical context of MRC1

• Assignment of the human macrophage mannose receptor gene (MRC1) to 10p13 by in situ hybridization and PCR-based somatic cell hybrid mapping [18].
• Six months after femoral nerve transfer, muscle power of the interosseous muscles and adductor pollicis recovered to MRC3, whereas that of the abductor pollicis brevis recovered to MRC1 to 2 [19].
• In conclusion, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells but not Langerhans cells are expressing CD206 in situ and use it for receptor-mediated endocytosis [1].
• The increased candidacidal activity of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages was associated with reduced expression of MMR by a mean of 79% and decreased pinocytic uptake of 125I-mannosylated BSA by 73%; K(uptake) of pinocytosis was not changed [17].
• These results implicate MMR-independent and mannose 6-phosphate receptor-independent pathways in phLAL uptake and delivery to lysosomes in vivo [20].

Associations of MRC1 with chemical compounds

• The gene for the human macrophage mannose receptor (MRC1) has been characterized by isolation of clones covering the entire coding region [21].
• In an attempt to define the signal transduction mechanisms responsible for MMR-mediated G(2) arrest, we examined the levels of tyrosine 15 phosphorylation of cdc2 (phospho-Tyr15-cdc2), a key regulator of the G(2)-M transition [22].
• However, unlike the MMR-dependent damage tolerance response to 6-thioguanine exposures, no significant difference in the clonogenic survival of MMR-deficient cells compared with MMR-proficient cells was noted after high-dose-rate IR [22].
• Curosurf and both saturated surfactant PC species downregulated CD14 expression and upregulated CD206 [23].
• RESULTS: Quantification of MMR mRNA showed a statistically significant higher expression in NPs compared to CS without NP and controls [24].

Other interactions of MRC1

• Four to five years of follow-up revealed that the muscle power of the interosseous muscles and adductor pollicis was MRC2 in one case, MRC1 in three cases, and MRC0 in one case [19].
• Mrc1 channels the DNA replication arrest signal to checkpoint kinase Cds1 [12].
• In addition, CRP dramatically down-regulated expression of the antigen-uptake molecules CD205 and CD206, resulting in reduced DC endocytosis [25].
• On the other hand, HIV replication strongly repressed CD206 and CD163 expression, thus clearly orientating macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, but independently of TNF [26].
• In addition to the immunocytochemical detection of Langerin, we examined the expression profiles of CD1a and the macrophage tandem-repeat mannose receptor (CD206) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MRC1

• We calculated the relative risks of febrile and nonfebrile seizures among 679,942 children after 340,386 vaccinations with DTP vaccine, 137,457 vaccinations with MMR vaccine, or no recent vaccination [2].
• BACKGROUND: We undertook an epidemiological study to investigate whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may be causally associated with autism [28].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Prick skin tests were positive to 1:10 wt/vol dilutions of MMR vaccine and gelatin but negative to egg [29].
• Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of IgE antibodies to multiple gelatin components as well as to MMR vaccine components [29].
• By immunoassay, her serum IgE antibodies were elevated to both MMR vaccine and gelatin, but not to isolated MMR antigens [29].

References