Disease relevance of Femoral Nerve

• To implicate DRRs in neurogenic inflammation after CAP injection, the ipsilateral sciatic and femoral nerves were sectioned, dorsal rhizotomies were performed at L(3-)-S(1), and antagonists of GABA or excitatory amino acid receptors were administered intrathecally [1].
• Warfarin-induced iliopsoas hemorrhage with subsequent femoral nerve palsy [2].
• A twenty-six year old white male on long-term sodium warfarin (Coumadin therapy for recurrent thrombophlebitis had sudden onset of severe groin pain, right iliac hematoma, and a femoral nerve palsy [3].
• Retroperitoneal hematoma resulting in femoral nerve injury is a serious potential complication of systemic heparin anticoagulation [4].
• CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS--This condition is rare and could be mistaken for more common diseases of young cattle, such as traumatic injury of the axial or appendicular skeleton, vertebral osteomyelitis, nutritional muscular dystrophy associated with vitamin E or selenium deficiency, injury to the sciatic or femoral nerves, or clostridial myositis [5].

High impact information on Femoral Nerve

• Histologically femoral nerves of PBGD-/- mice exhibit a marked decrease in large-caliber (>8 microm) axons and ultrastructural changes consistent with primary motor axon degeneration, secondary Schwann cell reactions, and axonal regeneration [6].
• After an overnight fast, the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve was intraneurally stimulated for 10 min, and the local subcutaneous lipolytic response to this procedure was evaluated with microdialytic measurements of interstitial glycerol concentrations in the receptive field of the stimulated nerve fascicle [7].
• Nonmyelinated femoral nerves from 13- to 14-week fetuses stained strongly for NGF receptor, whereas tissues from later stages of development showed a decrease in the staining intensity [8].
• 2. Electrical stimulation of group I and group II afferents in branches of the femoral nerve which supply iliopsoas, the major hip flexor muscle, excited a large majority of intermediate zone midlumbar interneurones which receive input from quadriceps group II afferents [9].
• Impacts of lesion severity and tyrosine kinase receptor B deficiency on functional outcome of femoral nerve injury assessed by a novel single-frame motion analysis in mice [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Femoral Nerve

• CONCLUSIONS: Low concentrations of bupivacaine delivered via femoral nerve catheter after an established femoral nerve block can provide excellent postoperative pain control after ACL reconstruction [11].

Biological context of Femoral Nerve

• Here, the authors used heteronymous Ia facilitation of the soleus H-reflex from the femoral nerve as a specific pathway involving GABA to demonstrate a presynaptic GABA-mediated effect of propofol in humans [12].
• Over 48 h, all patients received 0.125% bupivacaine with 1 microg/mL clonidine via a femoral nerve sheath catheter in the following manner: as a continuous infusion at 10 mL/h in Group 1; as a continuous infusion at 5 mL/h plus PCA boluses (2.5 mL/30 min) in Group 2; or as PCA boluses only (10 mL/60 min) in Group 3 [13].
• Complications have included two intraarticular osteotomies, a femoral nerve palsy that resolved, one nonunion, and ectopic bone formation in four patients prior to the prophylactic use of indomethacin [14].
• The HNK-1 carbohydrate, an unusual 3'-sulfated glucuronic acid epitope characteristic of many neural recognition molecules, serves as a ligand in neural cell interactions and is differentially expressed in the quadriceps and saphenous branches of the femoral nerve in the PNS of adult mice [15].

Anatomical context of Femoral Nerve

• Chronically implanted electrodes and nerve cuff catheters were used to record the activity of individual muscle spindle afferents during treadmill walking as low doses of lidocaine were infused around the femoral nerve to progressively block gamma motoneuron activity [16].
• 2. Two weeks prior to unilateral femoral nerve transection and suture, fluorogold (Fluorochrome Inc., Denver) or fluororuby (Dextran tetramethylrhodamine, Mol. Probes, D-1817, Eugene, OR) was injected into quadriceps muscles of the left and right hindlimbs to label the femoral motoneuron pools as previously described [17].
• This dilator effect was abolished by section of the ipsilateral femoral nerve and sciatic nerve, transection of the spinal cord, alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, ganglionic blockade and guanethidine [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Femoral nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine contributes significantly to multimodal postoperative analgesia in the immediate postoperative period following outpatient anterior cruciate ligament repair [19].
• In addition, cutting the sciatic, gracilis, and femoral nerves abolished the decreases in tracheal tension caused by injection of capsaicin and bradykinin into the arterial supply of the hindlimb [20].

Associations of Femoral Nerve with chemical compounds

• The authors evaluated the efficacy and incidence of side effects from blockade of the femoral nerve with 0.5% bupivacaine in 14 children with fracture of the middle third of the femoral shaft [21].
• The effects of single or multiple injections on the volume of 0.5% ropivacaine required for femoral nerve blockade [22].
• Analgesia before performing a spinal block in the sitting position in patients with femoral shaft fracture: a comparison between femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl [23].
• We conclude that adding clonidine 1 microg/mL to local anesthetic for continuous femoral nerve block does not improve the quality of pain relief but has the potential for delaying recovery of motor function [24].
• Forty-one patients received a single-injection femoral nerve block with 0.375% bupivacaine and 5 microg/mL epinephrine; 39 patients served as controls [25].

Gene context of Femoral Nerve

• Six months after femoral nerve transfer, muscle power of the interosseous muscles and adductor pollicis recovered to MRC3, whereas that of the abductor pollicis brevis recovered to MRC1 to 2 [26].
• Five days post lesion tenascin-C was upregulated in the muscle branch (quadriceps) but not in the cutaneous branch (saphenous) of the femoral nerve in 16-week-old animals [27].
• We used immunohistological analysis of femoral nerve segments containing sensory and motor fascicles, stained with anti-HNK-1, M6749 and anti-neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) monoclonal antibodies [28].
• In proximal sections of facial and femoral nerves, axon calibers were significantly reduced, whereas the number of myelin-competent axons was not diminished in 5- and 17-month-old P0-deficient mice [29].
• Here, we show that short-term low-frequency electrical stimulation (1 h, 20 Hz) of the lesioned and surgically repaired femoral nerve in wild-type mice causes a motor nerve-specific enhancement of HNK-1 expression correlating with previously reported acceleration of muscle reinnervation [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Femoral Nerve

• The femoral nerve blockade with bupivacaine provides prompt, effective, and prolonged analgesia in children suffering from fractures of the femoral shaft, allowing transport, radiographic examination, and application of traction in optimal conditions [21].
• We conducted this prospective, randomized study to compare the analgesic effect of femoral nerve block and IV fentanyl administration when given to facilitate the sitting position for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for femoral shaft fracture [23].
• The mechanism for this type of femoral nerve palsy was studied in dissections of the iliac region and by injections of latex into fascial planes in that area [31].
• Boluses of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1 in 200,000 (0.3 ml/kg) were administered through a cannula inserted into the neurovascular sheath of the femoral nerve [32].
• Intraoperative single-shot "3-in-1" femoral nerve block with ropivacaine 0.25%, ropivacaine 0.5% or bupivacaine 0.25% provides comparable 48-hr analgesia after unilateral total knee replacement [33].

References