Disease relevance of ITLN1

• Recombinant hIntL revealed affinities to d-pentoses and a d-galactofuranosyl residue in the presence of Ca(2+), and recognized the bacterial arabinogalactan of Nocardia containing d-galactofuranosyl residues [1].
• Since lactoferrin has been found in significant amounts in human stomach resection specimens from patients with superficial or atrophic gastritis, the iron uptake of H. pylori via a specific HLf receptor may play a major role in the virulence of H. pylori infection [2].
• An increase in the concentration of FeCl3 or the Fe3+-saturation of bovine LFR, however, slightly reduced its inhibition of the hemolysis [3].
• Previously, we found polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) increased melanoma cell extravasation under flow conditions (Intl J Cancer 106: 713-722, 2003) [4].
• The prominence of the alpha-subclass of Proteobacteria in the marine bacterioplankton community and their role in dimethylsulfide (DMS) production has prompted a detailed examination of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) metabolism in a representative isolate of this phylotype, strain LFR [5].

Psychiatry related information on ITLN1

• The esthetic significance of variations in the AP position of the mandible was investigated by using 3 methods: a traditional semantic differential scale, the Perceptometrics method (Health Programs Intl, Wellesley, Mass), and the implicit association test (IAT) [6].

High impact information on ITLN1

• The existence of a Lf receptor capable of concentrating Lf released from neutrophils on the membrane of macrophages could explain the apparent blockade of the release of iron from the reticuloendothelial system, which accounts for the hyposideremia of inflammation [7].
• The hIntL gene was split into 8 exons on chromosome 1q21.3, and hIntL mRNA was expressed in the heart, small intestine, colon, and thymus. hIntL showed high levels of homology with mouse intelectin, Xenopus laevis cortical granule lectin/oocyte lectin, lamprey serum lectin, and ascidian galactose-specific lectin [1].
• Although lactoferrin (Lf) is abundant on mucosa and in purulent exudates, many gonococci do not express an Lf receptor [8].
• Thus, there are apparently selective pressures for expression of the Lf receptor in the male urethra that are balanced by others against expression of the Lf receptor in niches other than the male urethra [8].
• In addition, it is structurally identical to the intestinal lactoferrin receptor known to reside in the enterocyte brush border [9].

Biological context of ITLN1

• Interaction with approx. 20000 binding sites per cell, presumably the hLf receptor, does not require the first N-terminal basic cluster of hLf [10].
• HL-1 and -2 are both encoded at chromosome 1q23, the same locus that encodes the selectins [11].
• The cDNAs encoding two human homologs of the XENOPUS: oocyte lectin, XL35, were isolated from a small intestine cDNA library and termed HL-1 and HL-2 [11].
• To understand the molecular basis of this difference, we sequenced 10,437 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a human omental fat cDNA library and discovered a novel visceral fat depot-specific secretory protein, which we have named omentin [12].
• Omentin increased Akt phosphorylation in the absence and presence of insulin [12].

Anatomical context of ITLN1

• We have recently identified a Lf receptor (LfR) in human fetal small intestine [13].
• Primary cultures of human aortic endothelial cells are positive for HL-1 expression by immunoblotting and by PCR analysis, but several other human cell types are not [11].
• By Northern analysis, HL-1 transcripts are present at relatively high levels in heart, small intestine, colon, thymus, ovary, and testis [11].
• Although LF and the LF receptor have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS), the physiological role of LF remains unknown [14].
• We conclude, therefore, that p45 constitutes the Ca2+-dependent Lf receptor on isolated rat hepatocytes [15].

Associations of ITLN1 with chemical compounds

• Characterization of Lf receptors was performed by flow cytofluorimetry using either Lf labelled on its glycan moiety with fluorescein or purified anti-lymphocyte Lf receptor antibodies [16].
• Lactoferrin (LFR) plays an important role in the anti-microbial defense through iron binding, lipopolysaccharide binding and immunomodulation [3].
• A putative model is presented that best fits the experimental data regarding the pathway of DMSP and acrylate metabolism in the alpha-proteobacterium, strain LFR [5].
• All methods are referenced to the same standard (WHO 1st Intl. Std. for AFP 72/225) [17].
• The reaction of IrCl3.3H2O with 2-(arylazo)pyridine (HL1) in boiling methanol has afforded [Ir(III)Cl2(L1)(HL1)](1) and [Ir(V)Cl4(HL1)]Cl (2) [18].

Other interactions of ITLN1

• Acute- and convalescent-phase antisera from a series of patients with M. catarrhalis pulmonary infections were tested against Tf and Lf receptor proteins purified from the corresponding isolates [19].
• The polyester rods demonstrated a trend toward enhanced recovery, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12, LFR; p = 0.055, EGF) [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ITLN1

• Molecular cloning and functional expression of a human intestinal lactoferrin receptor [21].
• Immunocytochemistry using a polyclonal antibody produced against XL35 shows HL-1 protein to be localized exclusively in endothelial cells in colon, thymus, liver, and other tissues [11].
• Both LFR and EGF displayed a trend toward enhanced detection by ELISA shortly after freezing at -70 degrees C and slow decay after storage at -70 degrees C for up to 72 and 105 days, respectively [20].
• We have isolated a human Lf receptor from solubilized human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes by affinity chromatography using immobilized human Lf [22].
• Protein sequence analysis indicated that omentin mRNA encodes a peptide of 313 amino acids, containing a secretory signal sequence and a fibrinogen-related domain [12].

References