Disease relevance of TARS

• TARS. Their role in the treatment of psoriasis [1].
• Autoantibodies to histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) or to alanyl-, asparaginyl-, glycyl-, isoleucyl-, or threonyl-tRNA synthetase occur in approximately 25% of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis [2].
• Here, we show that the N-terminal domains of three E. coli multidomain proteins such as lysyl-tRNA synthetase, threonyl-tRNA synthetase, and aconitase are potent solubility enhancers for various C-terminal heterologous proteins [3].
• We describe a patient with dermatomyositis and inflammatory polyarthritis with erosive wrist arthropathy who was found to have the anti-PL-7 autoantibody directed against threonyl-tRNA synthetase [4].
• The photoxicity of coal tars was determined by comparing the ultraviolet light (UVL) energy required to produce erythema at tar treated sites (minimal phototoxic dose [MPD]) with the energy required to produce the same degree of erythema at untreated control sites (minimal erythema dose [MED]) [5].

High impact information on TARS

• Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, a class II synthetase, uses a unique zinc ion to discriminate against the isosteric valine at the activation step [6].
• Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the removal of noncognate L-serine from tRNA(Thr) by a DTD-like editing module from Pyrococcus abyssi ThrRS (Pab-NTD) [7].
• Subsurface microorganisms detected at a former manufactured gas plant site contaminated with coal tars mineralized significant amounts of naphthalene (8-43%) and phenanthrene (3-31%) in sediment-water microcosms incubated for 4 weeks under aerobic conditions [8].
• With this cDNA used as a hybridization probe, borrelidin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells that overproduced threonyl-tRNA synthetase were shown to have increased levels of threonyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA and gene sequences [9].
• Isolation of a cDNA clone for human threonyl-tRNA synthetase: amplification of the structural gene in borrelidin-resistant cell lines [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of TARS

• This article reviews the history of selected therapeutic agents for psoriasis: arsenic (including Fowler's solution), ammoniated mercury, chrysarobin and anthralin, tars, aminopterin and methotrexate, and corticosteroids [10].
• In a population of 1883 patients tested for allergic contact dermatitis (1985-1988), a prevalence of 5.4% (103 cases) was seen for wood tars (ICDRG allergen, 12% pet.) sensitization [11].
• Topical treatment for mild psoriasis includes the use of topical corticosteroids, calcipotriene, tazarotene, topical tars, anthralin, and keratolytics [12].

Biological context of TARS

• A cDNA for threonyl-tRNA synthetase was isolated from a human placental cDNA lambda gt11 expression library by immunological screening, and its identity was confirmed by hybrid-selected mRNA translation [9].
• The threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene is the fourth of seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes mapped in humans to be assigned to this chromosome [13].
• The structural gene for threonyl-tRNA synthetase was mapped to human chromosome 5 by an analysis of the isoelectric focusing patterns of this enzyme from human X Chinese hamster interspecific somatic cell hybrids [13].
• We find that the total amount of PAH or B[a]P present in the coal tars from the various sites was not a predictor of the level of total DNA damage formed [14].
• Size-exclusion chromatography of large molecules from coal liquids, petroleum residues, soots, biomass tars and humic substances [15].

Anatomical context of TARS

• Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes by benzanthracene or cigarette tars adsorbed to asbestos fibers [16].
• As depicted in Figure 1, UV light, steroids, cyclosporine, and tars have potent inhibitory effects on antigen-presenting cells as well as on T cells [17].

Associations of TARS with chemical compounds

• Effects of temperature (400-1000 degrees C) and rate of heating to 550 degrees C (100, 1000, 5000 degrees C/sec) on reduction of pyrene contamination in a Superfund-related soil and on yields of volatile products (tars, CO, CO2, methane, acetylene, ethylene) have been measured [18].
• RESULTS: Tars and salicylic acid blocked UVB [19].
• 3. Overall, the potential severity of side effects from tars is less than that from anthralin and much less than that from topical corticosteroids (atrophy, rebound) [1].
• Tars, nickel sulfate, perfume and balsam of Peru scored high [20].
• Reactions to propylene glycol and perfume mix were as frequent in both groups, whereas formaldehyde, cobalt and chromate caused reactions more often in nickel-positive patients (p less than 0.05) and wood tars in negatives (p less than 0.05) [21].

Other interactions of TARS

• No other patient sera, including those containing antibodies directed at threonyl-tRNA synthetase or alanyl-tRNA synthetase, reacted in the assay [22].
• Threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene maps close to leucyl-tRNA synthetase gene on human chromosome 5 [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TARS

• Patients with recalcitrant disease, however, are slow to respond to UVB phototherapy with and without the use of coal tars or emollients [23].
• Study of the composition of tars produced from blends of coal and polyethylene wastes using high-performance liquid chromatography [24].
• Four commercially available corticosteroid preparations were assayed for their capacity to suppress patch test reactions with contact allergens (nickel sulfate, nitrofuralum, potassium dichromate, epoxy resin, wood tars and Maneb) in sensitized individuals (n=14) [25].
• In two different animal models, tumors can be produced following exposure to DNA viruses and tars [26].
• Particulate toxins (tars) are reduced by the use of vaporizer apparati [27].

References